Few data exist to test the hypothesis that elasmobranchs utilize ketone bodies rather than fatty acids for aerobic metabolism in muscle, especially in continuously swimming, pelagic sharks, which are expected to be more reliant on lipid fuel stores during periods between feeding bouts and due to their high aerobic metabolic rates. Therefore, to provide support for this hypothesis, biochemical i...

To compensate for the energetic deficit elicited by reduced carbohydrate intake, mammals convert energy stored in ketone bodies to high energy phosphates. Ketone bodies provide fuel particularly to brain, heart, and skeletal muscle in states that include starvation, adherence to low carbohydrate diets, and the neonatal period. Here, we use novel Oxct1(-/-) mice, which lack the ketolytic enzyme ...

The maintenance of energy homeostasis is essential for life, and its dysregulation leads to a variety of metabolic disorders. Under a fed condition, mammals use glucose as the main metabolic fuel, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the colonic bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber also contribute a significant proportion of daily energy requirement. Under ketogenic conditions suc...

OBJECTIVE To determine urine ketone and blood β-hydroxybutyrate acid (β-HBA) in outpatients of endocrinology department and to investigate the association between urine ketone or blood β-HBA and diabetic ketosis (DK) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). METHODS Urine ketone, blood β-HBA, body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined in 134 patients with blood glucose ≥ ...

Using R-beta-[1-(11)C]hydroxybutyrate and positron emission tomography, we studied the effect of acute hyperketonemia (range 0.7-1.7 micromol/ml) on cerebral ketone body utilization in six nondiabetic subjects and six insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with average metabolic control (HbA(1c) = 8.1 +/- 1.7%). An infusion of unlabeled R-beta-hydroxybutyrate was started 1 h before...

This paper describes the substrate specificity, synthetic scope, and efficiency of aldolase catalytic antibodies 38C2 and 33F12. These antibodies use the enamine mechanism common to the natural Class I aldolase enzymes. Substrates for these catalysts, 23 donors and 16 acceptors, have been identified. The aldol acceptor specificity is expected to be much broader than that defined here since all ...

25 26 The objective of this study was to determine the potential role of astrocyte-derived ketone bodies 27 in regulating the early changes in caloric intake of diet induced-obese (DIO) vs. diet resistant 28 (DR) rats fed a 31.5% fat high-energy (HE) diet. After 3 d on chow or HE diet, DR and DIO rats, 29 were assessed for their ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) ketone bodies levels and neuronal ...