The performance of three genotypes (LL, LR, RR) of tadpoles resulting from the hybrid mating system of Rana lessonae (phenotype L, genotype LL) and Rana esculenta (phenotype E, genotype LR) was determined in artificial ponds. The effects of interspecific competition and pond drying on growth, development, and survival of tadpoles were used to measure the performance of genotypes and the relativ...

PURPOSE To investigate the response characteristics of the corneal afferents that detect ocular conditions critical to the activation of the "afferent limb" of the lacrimation reflex. METHODS In isoflurane-anesthetized male rats, trigeminal ganglia were explored extracellularly in vivo to identify the corneal neurons that can be activated by ocular stimuli important to lacrimation. After veri...

Vacuum drying of Salicornia herbacea L. was performed at different drying temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80°C) to evaluate the drying characteristics and the effect of drying temperatures on the quality of Salicornia. As the drying temperature increased, the drying time decreased significantly (P< 0.05). The drying rate decreased with decrease in moisture content and increase in drying time. On ...

objective(s):one of the major challenges in the field of vaccine design is choosing immunogenic antigens which can induce a proper immune response against complex targets like malignant cells or recondite diseases caused by protozoan parasites such as leishmaniasis. the aim of this study was to find a way to construct artificial liposome-based cells containing fragments of target’s cell membran...

Artificial teeth on upper and lower typodonts were coated with a plaque. After a drying period, the typodonts were mounted onto the robot system and the teeth were cleaned by the robot for 2 minutes (1 minute upper and 1 minute lower typodont) at a brushing force of 1.8 2.1 N for the 3D toothbrush and 1.1 1.4 N for the sonicare Plus brush. The different brushing forces were chosen in order to f...

Fusarium wilt of zucchini in Jeonju, Korea, was first noticed in May 2013. Symptoms included wilting of the foliage, drying and withering of older leaves, and stunting of plants. Infected plants eventually died during growth. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the molecular markers (internal transcribed spacer rDNA and translation elongation factor 1α), the fung...

Drying of wild pomegranate seeds was carried out by using various drying methods to evaluate the best and feasible method of drying and to produce a value added product “anardana”. The various drying methods used were vacuum drying, oven drying, sun drying, poly-tent house drying and room drying. The experimental results showed that out of all the drying methods, sun drying method for anardana ...

To establish the most convenient and effective method to dry tangerine peels, different methods (sun drying, hot-air drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and medium- and short-wave infrared drying) were exploited. Our results indicated that medium- and short-wave infrared drying was the best method to preserve nutraceutical components; for example, vitamin C was raised to 6.77 mg/g (D.W.) from...

To explore the collapse of eucalyptus wood cells during the drying process, continuous and intermittent drying were carried out on Eucalyptus urophylla. The shrinkage throughout the intermittent drying process was less than that of continuous drying. According to observations of cells made using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), there was a large difference in the degree of cell collapse betw...

Characteristics of microwave drying of wood strands with different initial moisture contents and geometries were investigated using a commercial 10 small microwave oven under different power inputs. Temperature and moisture changes along with the drying efficiency were examined at different drying scenar­ ios. Extractives were analyzed using gas chromatography=mass spectrometry (GC=MS). The res...