We suggest a simple model to describe the reversible field-induced transfer of a single Xe-atom in a scanning tunneling microscope, — the Eigler-switch. The inelasticly tunneling electrons give rise to fluctuating forces on and damping of the Xe-atom resulting in an effective current dependent temperature. The rate of transfer is controlled by the well-known Arrhenius law with this effective te...

We study hydrogen-bond dynamics in liquid water at low temperatures using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that bond lifetime (“fast dynamics”) has Arrhenius temperature dependence. We also calculate the bond correlation function and find that the correlation time (“slow dynamics”) shows power-law behavior. This power-law behavior, as well as the decay of the bond correlations, is consis...

The rate for cross slip of screw dislocations during annihilation of screw dipoles in copper is determined by molecular dynamics simulations. The temperature dependence of the rate is seen to obey an Arrhenius behavior in the investigated temperature range: 225-375 K. The activation energy and the effective attempt frequency can therefore be extracted from the simulations. The transition state ...

Using forced Rayleigh scattering, the tracer diffusion of methyl red through water and eight other solvents at different temperatures is investigated and the results are compared to the Cohen-Turnbull theory of free-volume diffusion. In seven solvents the effective non-Arrhenius activation energy measured experimentally agrees with the Cohen-Turnbull energy. In water, however, the diffusion can...

The intramolecular (13)C kinetic isotope effects for the ring-opening of cyclopropylcarbinyl radical were determined over a broad temperature range. The observed isotope effects are unprecedentedly large, ranging from 1.062 at 80 degrees C to 1.163 at -100 degrees C. Semiclassical calculations employing canonical variational transition-state theory drastically underpredict the observed isotope ...

The Water or Arrhenius Theory was widely accepted up to the early years of this century . It defines an acid as a hydrogen compound ionizing in water to give hydrogen ions, and a base as a hy<iToxyl compound which gives hydroxide ions in water. The neutralization reaction between an acid and a base produces a salt and water only: HA(ac id) + BOH(base) ""' BA(salt) + H 20(water) and the salts so...

In this study, a large number of creep tests were carried out to study the effect of stress level and testing temperature on the creep behavior of 63 Sn/37Pb solder in a systematic manner. Based on the dislocation controlled creep mechanism and Gibbs’ free-energy theory, a new creep constitutive model was proposed. The model was found to describe accurately the creep flow of the solder and to b...

Point defect kinetics are important for understanding and modeling dopant diffusion in silicon. This article describes point defect models and compares them with experimental results for intrinsically doped material. Transient dopant diffusion due to low dose silicon implant damage can be modeled with the same parameters as oxidation enhanced diffusion, and therefore provides an additional tech...

The recently developed Classical Stochastic Diffusion Theory is applied to obtain the coverage dependence of desorption rates for Xe on W(111). Using the attractive Xe-Xe potential from gas phase experiments, we find a strong coverage dependence in the desorption rates and calculate Temperature Programmed Desorption Spectra (for a potential with reduced attractiveness) that are in excellent qua...

We demonstrate electric bistability induced by the positive feedback of self-heating onto the thermally activated conductivity in a two-terminal device based on the organic semiconductor C(60). The central undoped layer with a thickness of 300 nm is embedded between thinner n-doped layers adjacent to the contacts, minimizing injection barriers. The observed current-voltage characteristics follo...