The relationship between liver disease and ammonia toxicity has been known since the discovery of meat intoxication in Eck fistula dogs (1-4). The similarity between this syndrome and clinical hepatic coma stimulated the study of ammonia toxicity in humans. This proceeded from oral administration (5-10) to intravenous infusion (11, 12) and finally to the development of an "ammonia tolerance tes...

The microwave synthesis of several quaternary ammonium salts is described. The synthesis provides comparable or better yields than published methods with reduced reaction times and in the absence of solvent.

A series of porous polymers bearing functional quaternary ammonium salts were solvothermally synthesized through the free radical copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and functionalized quaternary ammonium salts. The obtained polymers feature highly cross-linked matrices, large surface areas, and abundant halogen anions. These polymers were evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts for the synth...

-Existing methods of measuring atmospheric aerosol strong acidity adequately prevent neutralization of fine-particle acidity by removing coarse alkaline particles and gaseous ammonia from air samples. However, these techniques do not consider particle interactions on the collection medium; therefore, they may still underestimate the actual aerosol acidity. Assessment of acid neutralization due ...

A series of gemini quaternary ammonium salts (chlorides and bromides), with various hydrocarbon chain and spacer lengths, were tested. These compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were not mutagenic. The strongest antibacterial effect was observed for TMPG-10 Cl (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and TMPG-12 Br (against Stap...