Leg Cycle Ergometry using Functional Electrical Stimulation provides many health benefits for paraplegic users. The Lumbo-sacral Anterior Root Stimulator Implant provides sufficient control over the muscles in the legs for leg powered cycling to be achieved, however for further development to take place, more knowledge is needed about the complicated pathways involved in the neuromuscular syste...

The hips and lower extremities of four complete paraplegic male subjects (T-6, T-7, T-8, and T-11) were stimulated with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) via transcutaneous intramuscular electrodes (20 mA, 0-150 pulse width, and 20 Hz). Cardiopulmonary (CP) and/or cardiovascular (CV) responses were measured during maximal (seated) arm ergometry (AE), FNS, and FNS + AE. Subjects' lower ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether consumer-level activity trackers can estimate wheelchair strokes and arm ergometer revolutions. Thirty able-bodied participants wore three consumer-level activity trackers (Garmin VivoFit, FitBit Flex, and Jawbone UP24) on the wrist. Participants propelled a wheelchair at fixed frequencies (30, 45 and 60 strokes per minute (spm)) three minutes e...

Introduction: Wheelchairs are the prime mobility aid of persons with spinal cord injuries. Manual wheelchair propulsion puts a lot of demand on the cardiopulmonary as well as the skeletal system. The main purpose of the study was to compare the effects of both arm ergometry training and progressive resistance exercise training of upper limbs on resting heart rate and distance covered during whe...

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE During exercise, redistribution of blood takes place to enhance blood flow to exercising muscles. To examine the role of sympathetic control in blood redistribution, we assessed blood flow in inactive regions (leg-splanchnic area) during arm-crank exercise in controls and in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) who lack central sympathetic control. METHODS SCI with a lo...

Exercise and breath holding in the water such as that performed in the sport of synchronized swimming may evoke the physiological consequences of the diving response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of breath holding during underwater arm cranking in synchronized swimmers who are trained in breath holding and compare these responses to untrained women. E...