This study applies variogram analyses of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images derived from SPOT HRV images obtained before and after the ChiChi earthquake in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, as well as images after four large typhoons, to delineate the spatial patterns, spatial structures and spatial variability of landscapes caused by these large disturbances. The conditional L...

Ground-based rainfall observations are the primary sources of precipitation data used in most developing countries. However, those observations are frequently damaged or incomplete, thus missing data is always a problem. This comparison study examines a number of spatial interpolation methods used to estimate missing monthly rainfall data in the northeast region of Thailand. The comparison was ...

in this research, the spatial distribution of fe, cu, zn and mn on agricultural lands of golestan province were evaluated using different interpolation methods such as, kriging, inverse distance weighted, local polynomial, inverse multiquadric and radial basis function. thus, 505 soil samples were provided from fields during 2008 and micronutrients rates were measured for each sample. the perfo...

in this study, the effects of long term use of urban wastewater (over 40 years) on soil salt content and related parameters were evaluated in the lands south of tehran. for this analysis, kriging methods were tested. according to the suitable model indices, ordinary kriging (ok) was suitable for ph, clay, na+, mg2+ and sodium adsorption ratio (sar) interpolation; log-normal kriging (log-normal ...

A standard survey of soil salinity in Iran has produced a classified soil salinity map and a data set of about 600 electrical conductivity (EC) measurements of the saturated paste extract determined at three depth intervals (050cm, 50-100cm and 100-150cm). However, since the EC values ranged from 1 to 109 mS/cm, a more detailed quantitative evaluation was desired. The study area covers about 45...

Metamodelling offers an efficient way to imitate the behaviour of computationally expensive simulators. Kriging based metamodels are popular in approximating computation-intensive simulations of deterministic nature. Irrespective of the existence of various variants of Kriging in the literature, only a handful of Kriging implementations are publicly available and most, if not all, free librarie...

In the practice of interpolating near-surface soil moisture measured by a wireless sensor network (WSN) grid, traditional Kriging methods with auxiliary variables, such as Co-kriging and Kriging with external drift (KED), cannot achieve satisfactory results because of the heterogeneity of soil moisture and its low correlation with the auxiliary variables. This study developed an Extended Krigin...

BACKGROUND Due to the lack of small-scale neighbourhood-level health related indicators, the analysis of social and spatial determinants of health often encounter difficulties in assessing the interrelations of neighbourhood and health. Although secondary data sources are now becoming increasingly available, they usually cannot be directly utilized for analysis in other than the designed study ...

When analysing data from computationally expensive simulation codes or process measurements, surrogate modelling methods are firmly established as facilitators for design space exploration, sensitivity analysis, visualisation and optimisation. Kriging is a popular surrogate modelling technique for data based on deterministic computer experiments. There exist several types of Kriging, mostly dif...