one of the most significant discussion and challenges propounded in the macroeconomics is the effects of fluctuations of exchange rate on the macroeconomic variables (production, employment, inflation and … etc).in this direction, the important and noticeable point is the factors which lead to fluctuations in the exchange rate which, from amongst these factors as an example, is fluctuations in ...

This study examines the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Methodology is based on the Toda-Yamamoto test for causality relationship and the bounds testing (ARDL). Time-series data covering the period 19702005 for Malaysia, the study found, in the case of Malaysia there is no strong evidence of a bi-directional causality and long-run relationship between ...

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics and determinants for maintenance fees paid with rent from the complex perspective costs profits in domestic prime office rental markets. analysis targeted buildings Seoul dealt 86 time-series data 1Q 2000 2Q 2021 on a quarterly basis. In order empirically testify, methodology adopted both Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Error- Corre...

The expressiveness and complexity of several active database prototypes are formally studied. First, a generic framework for the spec-iication of active databases is developed. This factors out the common aspects of the prototypes considered, and allows studying various active database features independently of any speciic prototype. Furthermore, each of the prototypes can be speciied by specia...

This paper provides an empirical analysis of relationship between economic growth and its determinants with special focus on the stock market development in Zimbabwe. Using data for the period from 1991 to 2007 the study employed FMOLS and ARDL bounds-testing for the long run relationship and ECM for the short run dynamics. The findings suggest a positive relationship between efficient stock ma...

This paper examines to what extent financial development contributes to output expansion in Malaysia, during the period 1960-2003. An augmented neoclassical growth framework is adopted to provide an evaluation of the impact of financial sector development on economic development. Using the recently developed ARDL bounds procedure, the results show that aggregate output and its determinants are ...

This article examines the determinants of health expenditures in Tunisia during the period 1961-2008, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran et al. (2001). The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between per capita health expenditure, GDP, population ageing, medical density and environmental quality. In fact, on the one hand ...

This paper investigates whether the Feldstein and Horioka (1980) argument on domestic saving-investment relationship is supported by the data of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region when the financial development levels and exchange rate regimes are taken into account. To this end, we employ both the ARDL bounds cointegration test and panel mean group procedures. The ...

The Algerian economy is an example of a high level of rentierism, while the Egyptian economy shows a low/moderate level of rentierism. The ARDL bounds test approach was used upon annual time series data from 1965 to 2010. The results suggest cointegration for both countries. Bi-causality between energy consumption and growth in the long run was found. For Algeria there is a reversed (negative) ...