We interviewed 26 information architects about their work, their backgrounds and their perceptions of their roles as information architects. Our research aimed to identify and understand the work practices that define the position of information architect as well as the human-computer interaction and usability issues that are relevant to their work. Our findings show that the work practices of ...

political, social, and economic spheres of iran underwent extensive changes during the pahlavi period. these evolutions brought about far-reaching cultural, population, and physical effects. in this period, centralization, immigration, and development policies led to an increasing growth in the population of tehran and consequently housing emerged in the capital. while the small-scale construct...

● More than 1 in 5 architects was self-employed—about three times the proportion for all professional and related occupations. ● Licensing requirements include a professional degree in architecture, a period of practical training, and passing all divisions of the Architect Registration Examination. ● Architecture graduates may face competition, especially for jobs in the most prestigious firms;...

Alleviating crowding and minimizing length of stay continue to be major issues in the Emergency Department. However, when intake and flow in the ED are examined, it is clear that the issue is multi-faceted; it will take a combination of improving proximities, changing the care paradigm, and operational changes to improve the conditions There have been numerous studies related to operational per...

Architects form an integral link in the design of e.cient buildings. Energy-e.cient design strategies therefore, require architects and engineers to work closely together in optimising the building shell. However, this is not always practical. Architects must therefore, be able to perform a preliminary thermal analysis if energy e.cient design strategies are to succeed. Existing tools do not ca...

Much research exists on architectural decisions, but little work describes architectural decisions in the real-world. In this paper, we present the results of a survey with 43 architects from industry. We study characteristics of 86 real-world architectural decisions and factors that contribute to their difficulty. Also, we compare decisions made by junior architects and senior architects. Fina...

Sculptors, architects, and painters are three professional groups that require a comprehensive understanding of how to manipulate spatial structures. While it has been speculated that they may differ in the way they conceive of space due to the different professional demands, this has not been empirically tested. To achieve this, we asked architects, painters, sculptors, and a control group que...

This paper reports on two studies into the skills required to develop software. In the first, senior software practitioners in four companies, across seven roles were interviewed. However, the architect role proved difficult to characterize, because architects did not seem to carry out any architecture work. It was hypothesized that this was because the five architects interviewed were all work...