Turkey lies at the interface between distinctive archeological and biotic provinces.7 For example, the Middle Pleistocene sequences of the Levant and the Caucasus include many Acheulean assemblages, whereas Acheulean handaxes and biface technology are seldom found in the contemprary Lower Paleolithic assemblages of the Balkans. Likewise, areas surrounding Turkey, including the Levant, the Zagro...

Abstract The Early Pleistocene archeological site of Fuente Nueva-3 (FN3) preserves some the oldest evidence hominin presence in Western Europe, including a huge assemblage Oldowan tools and butchering marrow processing large mammal bones. Moreover, there is also regular carnivores at site, small proportion bones that show tooth marks, majority which can be attributed to giant, short-faced hyen...

In many societies, livelihood strategies are based on a combination of economic strategies, including natural resources such as trees for wood, leaves, and fruits. Archeological wood charcoals residues human activity related to fire. They provide evidence fuelwood and, in some contexts, timber, handcraft activities, fruit production. represent detailed record the way ancient woodlands were expl...

The Late Pleistocene Shanidar 1 older adult male Neandertal is known for the crushing fracture of his left orbit with a probable reduction in vision, the loss of his right forearm and hand, and evidence of an abnormal gait, as well as probable diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. He also exhibits advanced external auditory exostoses in his left auditory meatus and larger ones with complete...

Building on foundations from the cognitive science of religion, this chapter synthesizes theoretical insights and empirical evidence concerning the processes by which cultural evolutionary processes driven by intergroup competition may have shaped the package of beliefs, ritual, practices, and institutions that constitute modern world religions. Five different hypothesized mechanisms are presen...

background: in this paper, paleoparasitological findings from rodent excrements ob-tained from chehrabad salt mine archeological site located in northwest of iran are demonstrated and discussed. methods : chehrabad salt mine archeological site located in northwest of iran, dated to the achaemenid (mid 1st mill. bce) and to sassanid (3rd cent. - 7th cent. ce) period, is a unique study area to in...

The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a population of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between ∼400,000 and 40,000 y ago. Starting from a source population deep in the Middle Pleistocene, the hundreds of thousands of years of relative separation between African and Eurasian groups led to the emergence of different phenotype...

Archeological evidence indicates that a dwarf fox (Urocyon sp.) has inhabited Cozumel Island, Mexico at least since the arrival of Mayan peoples, but no taxonomic descriptions or morphological assessments of the animal exist. A recent field study indicates that this fox is on the verge of extinction and therefore it is critical to describe the population. Because no skins or complete skulls of ...

The systems of perception and action of the brain appear as important constraining factors in human evolution under current models of embodied cognition. In this view, the emergence of certain items in the archeological record is not necessarily subsequent to the emergence of a 'symbolic' mind, but instead to the appearance of the sensory-motor systems enabling that behavior. One of the product...