Much fewer mice lacking androgen receptor (AR) in the entire body develop bladder cancer (BCa). However, the role of urothelial AR (Uro-AR) in BCa development remains unclear. In the present study, we generated mice that lacked only Uro-AR (Uro-AR(-/y)) to develop BCa by using the carcinogen BBN [N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine] and found that Uro-AR(-/y) mice had a lower incidence of BC...

BACKGROUND Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) may be prescribed for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by house dust mites (HDM) whether asthma is present or not. Current guidelines provide insufficient support for therapeutic management strategy of these patients. Allergists however have long-term experience with AIT. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the patients seen in ...

The northern margin of Ellesmere Island, Canada, has experienced a complex geological history throughout the Phanerozoic, including multiple episodes orogenesis and first-order depositional cycles related to Circum-Arctic evolution. Whereas previous studies have documented structural stratigraphic record these events, supporting geochronological data are sparse. To constrain age tectonic episod...

Background s:648:"The infertility has recently been estimated to affect approximately 9% of couples worldwide. Androgens and a functional androgen receptor (AR) are essential for normal development of the male gender, and for maintenance of spermatogenesis throughout the life. Two polymorphic trinucleotide repeats, CAG and GGN, encoding for the amino acids glutamine and glycine, respectively ar...

We relate the strategy sets that a player ends up with after refining his own strategies according to two very different models of rationality: namely, utility maximization and regret minimization. ar X iv :1 40 3. 63 94 v1 [ cs .G T ] 2 5 M ar 2 01 4

Introduction: Martian meteorite studies have provided information on the composition of noble gases and nitrogen in the atmosphere and interior of planet Mars [1]. Two interior components (Chass-S, Chass-E) in Chassigny [2,3]; a mixture of interior (Chass-S) and modern Mars atmosphere in Shergottites [4], elementally fractionated atmosphere in Nakhlites [5] and ancient Mars atmosphere in ALH840...

The Toba supereruption in Sumatra, ∼74 thousand years (ka) ago, was the largest terrestrial volcanic event of the Quaternary. Ash and sulfate aerosols were deposited in both hemispheres, forming a time-marker horizon that can be used to synchronize late Quaternary records globally. A precise numerical age for this event has proved elusive, with dating uncertainties larger than the millennial-sc...

Homo erectus was the first human lineage to disperse widely throughout the Old World, the only hominin in Asia through much of the Pleistocene, and was likely ancestral to H. sapiens. The demise of this taxon remains obscure because of uncertainties regarding the geological age of its youngest populations. In 1996, some of us co-published electron spin resonance (ESR) and uranium series (U-seri...