PURPOSE Corneal endothelium in vivo is arrested in G1, the phase of the cell cycle that prepares cells for DNA synthesis. In many cell types, transforming factor (TGF)-beta inhibits proliferation by inducing G1-phase arrest. Evidence indicates that corneal endothelial cells synthesize mRNA for TGF-beta1 and are also bathed in aqueous humor that contains TGF-beta2 (mainly in a latent form). As s...

PURPOSE To evaluate changes in the concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in aqueous humor of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) before and after an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) and to determine the underlying correlation between the levels. METHODS The prospective interventional comparative study involved 20 eye...

PURPOSE To investigate the intra-cameral level of ganciclovir following topical application of ganciclovir gel, 0.15% for cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior segment infection. DESIGN Non-randomized, prospective, interventional clinical study. METHODS Patients with active CMV anterior segment infection seen at Singapore National Eye Centre, confirmed by positive CMV real time PCR (RT-PCR) of the...

PURPOSE To determine whether transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) in human aqueous humor inhibits the proliferation of lens epithelial cells. METHODS Bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs) obtained from the central zone of the anterior capsule were cultured in complete medium (F-12 nutrient mixture supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum). Human aqueous humor was obtained from 11 pati...

We have constructed a new ocular pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model for anti-glaucoma drugs to describe ocular hypotensive effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) after instillation of a combination of an alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist, bunazosin, and a beta-adrenergic antagonist, timolol, into rabbits. This model was constructed by the combination of two ocular PK/PD models for bunazo...

Isoproterenol was applied topically to one eye of each of 20 normal human volunteers. The rate of aqueous humor flow was measured with fluorophotometry. Intraocular pressure fell slightly in the treated eye, but the rate of aqueous humor flow was unaltered. Even when applied to the cornea in high concentrations, this beta-adrenergic agonist appeared to have no measurable effect on the flow of a...

PURPOSE To evaluate changes of levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and VEGF in aqueous humor before and after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) and determine the underlying correlation between them. METHODS This prospective study involved 21 eyes of 21 patients with surgery-required advanced neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and 20 control subjects from October 2011 through November 2012. Th...

PURPOSE The individual parameters of aqueous humor dynamics may influence each other to maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis. Central corneal thickness (CCT) is known to be associated with onset and progression of glaucoma and can potentially influence the individual parameters of aqueous humor dynamics that maintain IOP. This study investigates the correlation between parameters of ...

AIM Due to the immune privilege of the anterior eye chamber, the success rate of corneal transplantation can reach 90%. The aim of this study was to determine cytokine profile in aqueous humor of patients undergoing corneal transplantation, and to establish whether cytokine profile at the time of surgery influenced corneal graft outcome. METHODS Proinflammatory (TNF-beta and IFN-gamma) and im...

PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL6) and Hepcidin prohormone (Hep) in the serum and aqueous humor of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), as well as those with senile cataract as a control group. METHODS Levels of IL6 and Hep were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods in serum and aqueous humor aspirates taken from ...