Abstract: In the Drosophila olfactory system, as in many other organisms, different odorants activate specific patterns of glomeruli, but the mechanisms by which these patterns are transformed and eventually read out to lead to behavior remain unknown. One outstanding question is the degree to which the responses of the second order projection neurons are derived from direct receptor input, as ...

The purpose of this project was to design a continuous flow microwave pasteurization system and to evaluate the following process parameters: volume load size (0.5 and 1.38 l), input power (900–2000W), and inlet temperature (3 C, 21 C, and 40 C). Water and two apple ciders, one from a cold press and the other from a hot press extraction, were the fluids used to study the heating characteristics...

BACKGROUND Previous studies on healthy people show that vinegar delays gastric emptying and lowers postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of apple cider vinegar on delayed gastric emptying rate on diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS Ten patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic gastroparesis, including one patient who had undergone ...

Radio frequency electric fields (RFEF) nonthermal processing effectively inactivates gram-negative bacteria in juices, but has yet to be shown effective at reducing gram-positive bacteria. Apple cider containing Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 49445, a gram-positive bacterium, was RFEF processed under the following conditions: field strength of 0.15 to 15 kV/cm, temperature of 45 to 55 degrees C, ...

Twenty-eight apple cultivars were selected for their potential hard cider production in Ontario; juice characteristics measured 2017 and 2018, beginning two years after planting 2015. After being harvested pressed, each sample underwent analyses to determine soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), polyphenolic concentration. Soluble ran...

Flower strips are commonly recommended to boost biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services (e.g., pollination and pest control) on farmland. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regards the extent to which they deliver on these aims. Here, we tested the efficacy of flower strips that targeted different subsets of beneficial arthropods (pollinators and natural enemies) and their ecosyste...

Until recent decades, unpasteurized fruit juice and cider have been considered non-hazardous with respect to microbiological pathogens due to their acidic nature. However, in light of the many global foodborne illness outbreaks associated with these products, it is apparent that certain bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens can survive these acidic conditions and remain infectious. Specifica...

Cider production requires detailed knowledge of the apple varieties used. Of hundreds cider and dessert apples in Spain, only a few are accepted for producing under “Sidra de Asturias” protected designation origin. The visual characteristics many these very similar, experts can distinguish them. In this study, an artificial intelligence system using Transfer Learning techniques was developed cl...