Alergia na jad owadów błonkoskrzydłych to najczęstsza przyczyna wstrząsu anafilaktycznego u dorosłych, a druga po alergii pokarmowej dzieci. W warunkach polskich najczęstszymi przyczynami są użądlenia przez pszczoły miodne (Apis mellifera), osy (Vespula spp.) oraz szerszenie (Vespa spp., częściej osób już wcześniej żądlonych osy).
 Skutkiem jest zazwyczaj odczyn miejscowy, jednak ok. 3% do...

Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and phylogenetic analysis were used for molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) isolated from Apis mellifera. Eighteen honeybee workers were collected from three different apiaries in West Azerbaijan. LABs from the gut of honeybees were isolated and cultured using routine biochemical proce...

Programmers use security APIs to embed security into the applications they develop. Security vulnerabilities get introduced into those applications, due to the usability issues that exist in the security APIs. Improving usability of security APIs would contribute to improve the security of applications that programmers develop. However, currently there is no methodology to evaluate the usabilit...

Pyrus calleryana was intentionally introduced to North America from east Asia in the early 1900s as rootstock for edible pear tree, communis. It identified an ideal decorative, agricultural, and horticultural tree because of its small stature, spring flowering, fire blight resistance inoffensive fruits. P. escaped cultivation is now considered invasive species, typically found on roadsides, pra...

Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and phylogenetic analysis were used for molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) isolated from Apis mellifera. Eighteen honeybee workers were collected from three different apiaries in West Azerbaijan. LABs from the gut of honeybees were isolated and cultured using routine biochemical procedures. Ge...

Digital ecosystems continue to evolve, as new external APIs continue to enter into it. Not all new APIs, however, have the same fate: some are successfully connected with existing APIs and spark major changes in the ecosystem, while others are simply ignored. Particularly, some of the components end up playing a major role in shaping the structure of the ecosystem. To systematically explore wha...

Web APIs, characterized by their relative simplicity and their natural suitability for the Web, have become increasingly dominant in the world of services on the Web. Despite their popularity, Web APIs are so heterogeneous in terms of the underlying principles adopted and the means used for publishing them that discovering, understanding and notably invoking Web APIs is nowadays more an art tha...

Use of APIs is an inseparable part of software development today. But programmers often find difficulties in using those APIs in client code [27]. This reduces programmers' productivity as well as quality of the client code [30]. Therefore, APIs should be implemented to have high usability, and to this extent a good understanding of what makes APIs difficult to use demands the foremost importan...

To make it easy for applications to interact with the Web, most mobile platforms, including Android, iOS, and Windows Phone, provide a mechanism that allows applications to embed a small but powerful browser component inside. This mechanism is called WebView in Android (it is called different names in other platforms). WebView implements a number of APIs that can be used by applications to inte...

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has altered the way programmers develop applications. Instead of using standalone libraries, programmers today often incorporate curated web services, accessed via well-defined interfaces (APIs), as modules in their applications. Web APIs, however, evolve rapidly, making it critical for developers to be able to compare APIs for similarity and estimate the wor...