Background The present study was conducted approximately 40 years ago, but its results have not been released. At the time of this study, the importance of the gut microbiota was not fully understood. Methods Meriones persicus rodents, as one of the major reservoirs of Yersinia pestis bacterium in Iran, were compared in a disease endemic area (Akanlu, Hamadan, western Iran) and a non-endemic ...

Hummingbirds are nature's masters of aerobatic manoeuvres. Previous research shows that hummingbirds and insects converged evolutionarily upon similar aerodynamic mechanisms and kinematics in hovering. Herein, we use three-dimensional kinematic data to begin to test for similar convergence of kinematics used for escape flight and to explore the effects of body size upon manoeuvring. We studied ...

A preliminary study of boreal owl, Aegolius funereus richardsoni (Bonaparte), and northern sawwhet owl, Aegolius acadicus acadicus (Gmelin), nests from Nova Scotia, Canada revealed the presence of 14 species of Coleoptera, several of which represent significant extensions of their known ranges. Atheta (Datomicra) celata (Erichson) is newly recorded for North America; Atheta irrita Casey is newl...

The wimple piranha, Catoprion mento, has a narrow-range natural diet with fish scales comprising an important proportion of its total food intake. Scales are eaten throughout most of ontogeny and adults feed almost exclusively on this food source. Catoprion exhibits a novel prey capture behavior when removing scales for ingestion. Scale feeding strikes involve a high-speed, open-mouth, ramming ...

1. Larvae of Pseudochironomus richardsoni were reared to pupation in individual enclosures, in one of three thermal habitats in a northern California stream. The average temperature range in cold seeps was 15–21 °C, while the main channel ranged from 20 to 27 °C, and side pools ranged from 18 to 33 °C. Diet consisted of either diatoms or algal detritus. 2. Specific growth rate ranged from 0.057...