BACKGROUND Routine surgical exploration after penetrating upper extremity trauma (PUET) to exclude arterial injury leads to a large number of negative explorations and iatrogenic injuries. Selective non-operative management (SNOM) is gaining in favor for patients with PUET. The present study was undertaken to assess the validity of SNOM in PUET and to present a practical management algorithm. ...

While scattering-scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) has demonstrated its potential to extend infrared (IR) spectroscopy into the nanometer scale, it has not yet reached its full potential in terms of spectroscopic sensitivity. We combine broadband femtosecond mid-IR excitation with an optimized spectral irradiance of ∼2 W/cm(2)/ cm(-1) (power/area/bandwidth) and a combination of ti...

The infrared (IR) absorption of a biological system can potentially report on fundamentally important microchemical properties. For example, molecular IR profiles are known to change during increases in metabolic flux, protein phosphorylation, or proteolytic cleavage. However, practical implementation of intracellular IR imaging has been problematic because the diffraction limit of conventional...

This Perspective highlights recent advances in infrared vibrational chemical nano-imaging. In its implementations of scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), IR nanospectroscopy provides few-nanometer spatial resolution for the investigation of polymer, biomaterial, and related soft-matter surfaces and nanostructures. Broad-band IR s-...

Step and terrace structure has been observed in an area of 1 mm 1 mm on the cleaved surface of KCl–KBr solid-solution single crystal by scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) with a small sphere probe of 500 nm diameter. Lateral spatial resolution of the SNOM system was estimated to be 20 nm from the observation of step width and the scanning-step interval. Vertical spatial resolution wa...

We study the amplitude and phase signals detected in infrared scattering-type near field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) when probing a thin sample layer on a substrate. We theoretically describe this situation by solving the electromagnetic scattering of a dipole near a planar sample consisting of a substrate covered by thin layers. We perform calculations to describe the effect of both weakly (Si...

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM or SNOM) opens the fascinating opportunity to access the richness of spectroscopic information at a sub-micronic resolution. Shear-force topography coupled to localized spectral information evidence chemical heterogeneity at this challenging spatial scale, which can be crucial to understand the relationship between microscopic features and macroscopi...