Interferon (IFN) lambdas are critical antiviral effectors in hepatic and mucosal infections. Although IFNλ1, IFNλ2, and IFNλ3 act antiviral, genetic association studies have shown that expression of the recently discovered IFNL4 is detrimental to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through a yet unknown mechanism. Intriguingly, human IFNL4 harbors a genetic variant that introduces a premature sto...

The induction of an interferon-induced antiviral state is a powerful cellular response against viral infection that limits viral spread. Here, we show that a preexisting antiviral state inhibits the replication of influenza A viruses in human A549 cells by preventing transport of the viral genome to the nucleus and that the interferon-induced MxA protein is necessary but not sufficient for this...

Capsid-targeted viral inactivation (CTVI), a conceptually powerful new antiviral strategy, is attracting increasing attention from researchers. Specifically, this strategy is based on fusion between the capsid protein of a virus and a crucial effector molecule, such as a nuclease (e.g., staphylococcal nuclease, Barrase, RNase HI), lipase, protease, or single-chain antibody (scAb). In general, c...

Intrinsic cellular defenses are non-specific antiviral activities by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), one of the pathogen recognize receptor (PRR), sense various microbial ligands. Especially, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 recognize viral ligands such as glycoprotein, single- or double-stranded RNA and CpG nucleotides. The binding o...

background: interferons with diffrent functions such as antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory actions are effctivemedications for a number of diseases. one of these new interferons (ifns) is interleukin-29 (il-29) belongs to the family of ifn-λ hasantiviral activity and its potent in accompanying with ifn-α in treatment of hcv infection has been evaluated (clinical trial phase ii).r...

We have shown that suramin can directly inhibit the binding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope protein to immobilized CD4, thus helping to explain the previously described antiviral properties of suramin. However, physiological concentrations of serum albumin significantly attenuated suramin's antiviral effects, suggesting that only free suramin has antiviral properties. ...