Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause a range of health problems. In this context, the vascular system is a particular target of the deleterious effects of lead. Lead exerts its toxicity through substitution of other divalent cations such as calcium and zinc, resulting in disruption of homeostasis. Based on the evidence that lead up-regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone glucose-re...

Arsenic (As), a metalloid and unnecessary element, is highly toxic to living organisms. It can be accumulated in the environment and enter the food chains through uptake by plants. The present study was designed to assess the response of antioxidant defense system of alfalfa to As (As0, As3+ and As5+) induced oxidative stress at four rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 µM) as a completely randomized de...

background and aims. cigarette smoke can induce oral cancer by its free radicals and oxidative damage. salivary antioxidants system is believed to have an important role in defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. this study was compared total antioxidant capacity (taoc) of saliva in smokers and nonsmokers. materials and methods. in this cross-sectional study, 30 male smokers with mean age ...

Considering the high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the antioxidant defense of chick embryo tissues is vital during the oxidative stress experienced at hatching. In order to better understand the mechanisms of the defense system during chicken embryo development, we detected the activity of antioxidant enzymes during the incubation of chicken embryo. Results showed that the activity...

background: oral cancer is among the 10 most common cancers worldwide with an increasing global incidence. compromised antioxidant defense system plays a role in occurrence of cancer. this study evaluated the salivary antioxidant level of oral cancer patients compared to a control group. patients and methods: this case-control study was conducted on 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients pres...