We have shown that Protease N treated Royal Jelly (ProRJ) and peptides from ProRJ (Ile-Tyr (IY), Val-Tyr (VY), Ile-Val-Tyr (IVY)) inhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and they have an antihypertensive effect in repeated oral administration for 28 d on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We investigated the contributive ratio of these peptides in ProRJ for antihypertensive...

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have become established as a major class of antihypertensive on the basis of their powerful effects on blood pressure (BP), excellent tolerability and pleiotropic end-organ-protective effects. However, individual ARBs vary in antihypertensive efficacy, which may be important to clinical outcome. Several strategies are available to ensure that BP reductions w...

OBJECTIVE To examine the independent and combined contributions of insurance status and supply of health professionals on coverage of antihypertensive treatment among adults in Mexico. DESIGN Population based study. SETTING Mexico. PARTICIPANTS 4032 hypertensive adults (2967 uninsured and 1065 insured): 1065 uninsured adults matched with 1065 adults insured through Seguro Popular, a progr...

AIM To investigate the human pharmacogenetic variation related to antihypertensive drugs, providing a survey of functional interpopulation differences in hypertension pharmacogenes. MATERIALS & METHODS The study was divided into two stages. In the first stage, we analyzed 1249 variants located in 57 hypertension pharmacogenes. This first-stage analysis confirmed that geographic origin strongl...

M e t h o d s Data sources: Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group’s Trials Register (March 2006); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2005, issue 3); and MEDLINE, LILACS, and EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (to November 2005). Study selection and assessment: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any antihypertensive drug (compared with placebo or no antihypertensive drug [cont...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We examined the frequency, course, and treatment of hypertension in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial. METHODS Blood pressure (BP) was measured at the time of admission, at randomization, and then 36 times during the first 24 hours after randomization. Patients with a systolic BP of >185 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of >110 mm Hg at admission were defined as hypertensive before ...

IMPORTANCE The effect of serious injuries, such as hip fracture and head injury, on mortality and function is comparable to that of cardiovascular events. Concerns have been raised about the risk of fall injuries in older adults taking antihypertensive medications. The low risk of fall injuries reported in clinical trials of healthy older adults may not reflect the risk in older adults with mul...

BACKGROUND Mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy is common. Antihypertensive drugs are often used in the belief that lowering blood pressure will prevent progression to more severe disease, and thereby improve outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of antihypertensive drug treatments for women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the C...

in 1996 grinspan et al presented the association between primary hypertension and diabetes mellitus as grinspan syndrome. through various studies, researchers have noticed that epidermal lichen planus cells show enzymatic disorders as well as defective carbohydrate expression. therefore, it was assumed that there is a relationship between cells and hormones in metabolic actions. besides, some r...

Chronic hypertension complicates ≈2% of pregnancies, but the effects of antihypertensive medication use on the developing fetus are not well understood. There is relatively consistent evidence that maternal hypertension, regardless of its treatment, is associated with a moderately increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs), but the question remains as to whether early pregnancy antihyper...