Parasites take their resources from hosts and thus directly reduce available resources for hosts' own body functions, such as growth and reproduction. Furthermore, parasite infections cause significant indirect costs to their hosts in terms of increased investments on immune defense. In this study, we investigated the impact of parasite infection on the sperm quality and expression of secondary...

The duck mussel Anodonta anatina is widely distributed throughout the freshwater basins of Northern, Central, and Western Eurasia, it has a comprehensive genetic structure. This study was devoted to analysis lineages, which are defined based on COI gene sequences. Our new dataset expanded by samples from Northern Central Eurasia. It allowed us reveal high level diversity for trans-Eurasian line...

tracking and determining the amount and types of urban sewage that is being releasing to the environment is important in planning for wastewater treatment systems and water quality control. in this research, in four stations of anzali lagoon, (by means of a gas chromatograph device with mass detector spectrometer) wastewater pollution has been measured and evaluated with molecular indicator lin...