We present a classification of those finite length modules X over a ring A which are isomorphic to every module Y of the same length such that Ker(HomA(−, X)) = Ker(HomA(−, Y )), i.e. X is determined by its length and the torsion pair cogenerated by X. We also prove the dual result using the torsion pair generated by X. For A right hereditary, we prove an analogous classification using the coto...

An Osmium sensitizer and anthracene annihilator are incorporated into a metal ion linked multilayer photoanode that harnesses NIR light in an integrated triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion solar cell.

We construct a generator system of the annihilator of a generalized Verma module of a reductive Lie algebra induced from a character of a parabolic subalgebra as an analogue of the minimal polynomial of a matrix.