Real-time dynamic programming (RTDP) solves Markov decision processes (MDPs) when the initial state is restricted, by focusing dynamic programming on the envelope of states reachable from an initial state set. RTDP often provides performance guarantees without visiting the entire state space. Building on RTDP, recent work has sought to improve its efficiency through various optimizations, inclu...

OBJECTIVE To report our experience in the care of patients treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) with sphincter pharyngoplasty (SP) with or without the addition of palatal lengthening by Furlow palatoplasty (FP). DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Tertiary care cleft palate and craniofacial clinic. PATIENTS Forty-six children with VPI, most of whom had palatal clefts, treated...

With the increase of penetration rate renewable energy power generation in system, grid gradually tends to be weak. Under scenario nonlinear load connecting weak grid, grid-side voltage will produce unbalance, distortion and frequency deviation due influence large internal impedance, insufficient inertia, three-phase current unbalance harmonics grid. The operation active filters (APF) under abo...

Currently, there is no consensus regarding how to determine the optimal surgical procedure for a patient with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) post-primary palate repair. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of preoperative velar closing ratio (VCR) and lateral wall movement (LWM) on nasal emission and hypernasality after Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty. A retrospective an...

BACKGROUND One of the most controversial topics concerning cleft palate is the diagnosis and treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). OBJECTIVE This paper reviews current genetic aspects of cleft palate, imaging diagnosis of VPI, the planning of operations for restoring velopharyngeal function during speech, and strategies for speech pathology treatment of articulation disorders in pa...

The growth chemistry and electrical performance of 5 nm alumina films, fabricated via the area-selective vapor phase infiltration (VPI) trimethylaluminum into poly(2-vinylpyridine), are compared to a conventional plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process. chemical properties assessed energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy hard photoelectron measurements, while current – voltage diel...

The aim of the study was to assess the caries prevalence and oral hygiene in groups of adolescents living in different Hungarian localities and to establish correlations with socio-economic factors. Examinations of caries and oral hygiene were performed in 586 14-16 year old children. The percentage of caries free children was 5.1%, the DMFT and DMFS values were 6.97±4.67 and 9.95±7.94 respecti...

Vapor phase infiltration (VPI) is a post-polymerization modification method for infusing inorganic clusters into polymer to create organic-inorganic hybrid materials with properties that are unique from the parent polymer. The of these can vary amount VPI generated loading. However, relationship between processing conditions and loading still not fully understood. In this paper, effects dose pr...

As we have just seen, speech impairment is one of the most common findings in VCFS, occurring in at least 70% of cases (Shprintzen & Golding-Kushner, 2009). In this chapter, we discuss the sequelae, diagnosis, and management of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), the disorder that leads to hypernasality. Articulation and language impairment are discussed in terms of their interrelationship with...