In previous studies we have transferred thyroiditis to naive BALB/c and NOD mice with human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR)-primed splenocytes. Because the TSHR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease (TED) we have examined the orbits of recipients of TSHR-primed T cells, generated using a TSHR fusion protein or by genetic immunization. In the NOD mice, 25 of 26 animals...

We present a cell-based model of the Limulus lateral eye that computes the eye's input to the brain in response to any specified scene. Based on the results of extensive physiological studies, the model simulates the optical sampling of visual space by the array of retinal receptors (ommatidia), the transduction of light into receptor potentials, the integration of excitatory and inhibitory sig...

Animal eyes can vary in complexity ranging from a single photoreceptor cell shaded by a pigment cell to elaborate arrays of these basic units, which allow image formation in compound eyes of insects or camera-type eyes of vertebrates. The evolution of the eye requires involvement of several distinct components-photoreceptors, screening pigment and genes orchestrating their proper temporal and s...

conclusions: according to our experiment, onion has an inhibitory effect on the growth of normal eye flora; although the duration of onion juice instillation did not show any significant effect on the group results. hence, this finding is an initiating point for further investigations into the antimicrobial properties of this herb to treat common eye infections, including conjunctivitis and ble...

Glaucoma continues to be a mysterious disease. High intraocular pressure (IOP), once the landmark of the disease, has been relegated to the humble role of risk factor, despite the fact that lowering IOP continues to be the only partially successful treatment. Even with an IOP successfully controlled to statistical standards, many patients still mysteriously continue to progressively lose neural...

Eye injuries affect approximately two million people annually. Various studies that have evaluated the injury tolerance of animal and human eyes from blunt impacts are summarized herein. These studies date from the late 60s to present and illustrate various methods for testing animal and human cadaver eyes exposed to various blunt projectiles including metal rods, BBs, baseballs, and foam piece...

Identification of the neural basis of the visual deficits experienced by humans with amblyopia, particularly when associated with strabismus (strabismic amblyopia), has proved to be difficult in part because of the inability to observe directly the neural changes at various levels of the human visual pathway. Much of our knowledge has necessarily been obtained on the basis of sophisticated psyc...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of topical phenytoin 1 % on corneal epithelial defects healing in a rabbit model. methods: one eye of 20 albino rabbits in the animal house of al-zahra ophthalmology hospital was studied. a single corneal epithelial defect was created. the rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups (ten animals in each group). after creating a chemical burn in rabbits, one gr...

Human–animal relationships have long been the subject of controversy because they are shaped by several cultural, inter-individual, and evolutionary factors. Understanding these relationships, however, is important to optimize conservation efforts. There agreement that perceived similarity between animals humans associated with more positive attitudes. The human–animal could be caused phylogene...

Context: Coronaviruses are the largest RNA viruses associated with some ocular manifestations. There various contradictory reports about manifestations of coronaviruses in humans. Different tissues can affect coronavirus-associated infectious diseases. Evidence Acquisition: All manuscripts were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant databases. searches done by specific keywor...