The use of recombinant genes or growth factors to enhance myocardial collateral blood vessel function may represent a new approach to the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Proof of concept has been demonstrated in animal models of myocardial ischemia, and clinical trials are underway. Currently, it is unknown which is the safest and most effective delivery strategy to induce clinically impor...

Preeclampsia (PE) the de novo occurrence of hypertension and proteinuria after the 20 week of gestation is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide. While the etiology of PE is still unclear, clinical phenotypes have been associated with high circulating levels of anti-angiogenic proteins such as soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and soluble endoglin (sEng). Furthermore ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of increasing incidence. The pathologic processes that underlie this disorder are incompletely understood, however, hypoperfusion/hypoxia is thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), a key regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia, is elevated in the microcirculation of AD patie...

In this study, we demonstrate that the CXC family of chemokines displays disparate angiogenic activity depending upon the presence or absence of the ELR motif. CXC chemokines containing the ELR motif (ELR-CXC chemokines) were found to be potent angiogenic factors, inducing both in vitro endothelial chemotaxis and in vivo corneal neovascularization. In contrast, the CXC chemokines lacking the EL...

Jones, Michael K., Rabiha M. Itani, Hongtao Wang, Morimasa Tomikawa, I. James Sarfeh, Sandor Szabo, and Andrzej S. Tarnawski. Activation of VEGF and Ras genes in gastric mucosa during angiogenic response to ethanol injury. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G1345–G1355, 1999.—Our previous studies demonstrated that ethanol injury triggers the angiogenic response in gastric mu...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a slow, progressive steno-occlusive disease, arising in the terminal portions of the cerebral internal carotid artery. However, the functions and characteristics of the endothelial cells (ECs) in MMD are unknown. We analyzed these features using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived ECs. METHODS iPSC lines were established from the perip...

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling is an obligate requirement for normal development and pathological angiogenesis such as cancer and age-related macular degeneration. Although autophosphorylation of tyrosine 1173 (Y1173) of VEGFR-2 is considered a focal point for its angiogenic signal relay, however, the mechanism of phosphorylation of Y1173, signaling...

Tumor microenvironments are characterized by decreased oxygen and nutrition due to the rapid and progressive nature of tumors and also stresses induced by several anti-tumor therapies. These intense cell stressors trigger a protective cell survival mechanism heralded by the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is induced by an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (...

Tumor vessels with resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy are characterized by the normalization of the vascular structures through integration of mature pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMC) into the vessel wall, a process termed vessel stabilization. Unfortunately, stabilization-associated vascular remodeling can result in reduced sensitivity to subsequent anti-angiogenic therapy. We show he...