‏‎the community dynamics of aquatic coleoptera(insecta)in one of the spring-stream habitats of bammo national park in fars province called cheshmeh-ye-ghanbari is studied as a pilot project and model for acquaintance with and furthering the biodiversity studies on fauna of iran. sixteen species-populations out of nineteen of this community were already identified for their taxonomy and for thei...

insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

abstract: country’s fiber optic network, as one of the most important communication infrastructures, is of high importance; therefore, ensuring security of the network and its data is essential. no remarkable research has been done on assessing security of the country’s fiber optic network. besides, according to an official statistics released by ertebatat zirsakht company, unwanted disconnec...

simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

to teach english adequately, qualified teachers are needed. unfortunately, there are still teachers who are teaching english without an academic degree in tefl. it is necessary for teachers to have a major in english to have subject knowledge, but it is not sufficient. teachers need to have an understanding of the social, cultural, moral, ethical, and pedagogical issues of education and practic...

abstract: advertisements are the most accessible type of authentic materials, and this is one reason why they are used more and more in english teaching classes. for this cause, studies in the field of advertisements are very widespread nowadays. for pun is one aspect which makes advertisements more interesting, it is used more than before in advertisements. use of puns makes an advertisement m...

this study aimed to investigate the effects of listening strategy training on iranian efl learners listening comprehension and use of such strategies. this work, employing an experimental methodology, was conducted among 60 adult efl learners from a language institute in isfahan, iran, as participants. the participants, who were selected based on the results of a placement test, were assigned t...

abstract the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of applying the principles of group-dynamic assessment (g-da) on learning of conditional structures in english by iranian efl learners at the intermediate level, which according to the formal educational system in iran, includes students who are in their second year of studying in high schools of koohdasht city. this study was a qua...

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...