This paper seeks to establish a philosophical basis for the investigation into a flaw of the data information knowledge wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. This flaw is typified by the requirement that knowledge be used to differentiate data from information prior to the hierarchy's own formation of knowledge. The DIKW hierarchy underlies much of the knowledge management (KM) research. However, while appl...

background: philosophical thinking is an activity that focuses on the mind, sensitivity, understanding and links between them. managers with philosophical thinking are able to make decisions for the entire organization. they make fewer errors and provide a balance between manpower and organization maintenance. such abilities can be influenced by demographic characteristics of the managers. the ...

this article examines the effect of philosophical mindset on the entrepreneurial tendencies of small and medium businesses’ managers. a correlational study was conducted by drawing on a descriptive design. the population included 361 managers of small and medium businesses in 9 provinces. the required information was gleaned through two questionnaires. finally, the obtained data was analyzed us...

the aim of this research is survey of bandura theoretical foundation of self efficacy include psychological, social, and philosophical base. in this research use analytic – deduction research method to achieve the aim. thus as psychological basis, the concepts of reciprocal determinism, consciousness, learning and finally the human agency will be discussed. under the social basis the effect of ...

Let me invite you to step back from the parochial political disputes that dominate public life in America and most other modern democracies, as well as from the internecine academic quarrels characteristic of so much professionalized scholarship in the modern academy, and reflect, instead, on the broader sweep of moral and political thought, in both the philosophical and practical realm, over t...

Philosophers disagree. A lot. Pervasive disagreement is part of the territory; consensus hard to find. Some think this should lead us embrace philosophical skepticism: skepticism about extent which we can know, or justifiably believe, views defend and advance. Most philosophers in literature fall into one camp other: anti-skepticism. Drawing on insights hinge epistemology, paper proposes anothe...