To determine the presence of anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies in patients with ischemic events, we designed a case-control study. We studied 33 patients with unstable angina, 33 male patients with myocardial infarction and 34 control subjects with no evidence of ischemic heart disease. Plasma samples were assessed for IgG anticardiolipin antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELI...

to determine the presence of anticardiolipin (acl) antibodies in patients with ischemic events, we designed a case-control study. we studied 33 patients with unstable angina, 33 male patients with myocardial infarction and 34 control subjects with no evidence of ischemic heart disease. plasma samples were assessed for igg anticardiolipin antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ...

We discuss behavioral studies directed at understanding how probability information is represented in motor and economic tasks. By formulating the behavioral tasks in the language of statistical decision theory, we can compare performance in equivalent tasks in different domains. Subjects in traditional economic decision-making tasks often misrepresent the probability of rare events and typical...

In this article we extend the literature on climate change and economic growth in two ways. Firstly, we allow for endogenous extreme events both in strength and frequency. Secondly, we introduce insurance in this framework. We build a theoretical growth model and discuss the role of precautionary decisions, which we find to have ambiguous effects on consumption and abatement growth. We observe ...

We demonstrate, using a simple two-period equilibrium model of the economy, the potential effects of extreme event occurrences such as natural or humanitarian disasters on economic growth over the mediumto long-term. In particular, we focus on the effect of such shocks on investment. We examine two polar cases; an unconstrained economy where agents have access to perfect capital markets, versus...

Many of the most signiŽ cant events in international relations—wars, coups, revolutions, massive economic depressions, economic shocks—are rare events. They occur infrequently but are considered of great importance. In international relations, as in other disciplines, rare events—that is, binary dependent variables characterized by dozens to thousands of times fewer 1’s (events such as wars or ...

those managers who are pioneers in city development arena follow major strategies that can receive international attention, so they focus their attention to major sporting events. this study evaluated tehran as a metropolis that has plans for strategic development from the perspective of hosting major sporting events. in this qualitative exploratory study, data were collected with a checklist a...