Convergent evidence suggests that the basal ganglia support reinforcement learning by adjusting action values according to reward prediction errors. However, adaptive behavior in stochastic environments requires the consideration of uncertainty to dynamically adjust the learning rate. We consider how cholinergic tonically active interneurons (TANs) may endow the striatum with such a mechanism i...

Flegel's disea se, also known as hyper ke ra to sis len ti cu la ris pers tans, is a rare skin disea se cha rac te ri zed by small red dish-brown asympto ma tic hyper ke ra to tic papu les usually loca ted on the lower extre mi ties. The his to pa tho lo gi cal fea tu res are hype ror tho ke ra to sis, epi der mal atrophy and band-like inflam ma tory infil tra te in the super fi cial der mis. T...

The tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters tumors by attenuating anti-tumor immunity, reinforcing tumor cell survival and increasing angiogenesis. Among the constituents of the TME, here, we focused on tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). First, we found that the combination of poly I:C and inactivated Sendai virus particles (hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope; HVJ-E) synergistically suppre...

Abstract The effects of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) on glioblastoma biology remain poorly understood. Flow cytometric analysis 5 newly diagnosed fresh tissue specimens surprisingly revealed a high fraction (21.0-34.1%) TANs expressed MHCII, marker antigen-presenting cells not classically associated with and in matched peripheral blood (PBNs). Transcriptomic profiling confirmed that pati...

The Target Absorbers for Neutrals (TANs) represent one of the most radioactive regions in Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Seven 40 cm long fused silica rods with different dopant specifications, manufactured by Heraeus, were irradiated TANs located around ATLAS experiment Beam RAte (BRAN) detector group. This campaign took place during Run 2 p+p data taking, which occurred between 2016 and 2018. p...

The ventromedial striatum (VMS) is a node in circuits underpinning both affect and reinforcement learning. The cellular bases of these functions and especially their potential linkages have been unclear. VMS cholinergic interneurons, however, have been singled out as being related both to affect and to reinforcement-based conditioning, raising the possibility that unique aspects of their signal...

Based on studies in mouse tumor models, granulocytes appear to play a tumor-promoting role. However, there are limited data about the phenotype and function of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in humans. Here, we identify a subset of TANs that exhibited characteristics of both neutrophils and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in early-stage human lung cancer. These APC-like "hybrid neutrophils...

2. Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Meijers JC, et al. Effect of secondand third-generation oral contraceptives on the protein C system in the absence or presence of the factor VLeiden mutation: a randomized trial. Blood. 2004;103:927-933. 3. Curvers J, Thomassen MC, Rimmer J, et al. Effects of hereditary and acquired risk factors of venous thrombosis on a thrombin generation-based APC resistance test. Th...

2. Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Meijers JC, et al. Effect of secondand third-generation oral contraceptives on the protein C system in the absence or presence of the factor VLeiden mutation: a randomized trial. Blood. 2004;103:927-933. 3. Curvers J, Thomassen MC, Rimmer J, et al. Effects of hereditary and acquired risk factors of venous thrombosis on a thrombin generation-based APC resistance test. Th...