We determined that siderophore production is an appropriate cooperative trait for our experiment.Wemeasured the growth rates of a wild-type strain that produces the primary siderophore, pyoverdin (cooperator), and a mutant strain that does not (cheater), either when alone or in mixed cultures where the other strainwas present, and at a variety of iron availabilities. Both strains were grown ove...

There are not, and probably never will be, enough resources to satisfy the community's desires for things that improve the quality of life. This poses the necessity for choice, and hence the consideration of priorities. In the medical field two distinct kinds of choice arise: one at the clinical level and the other in the planning process. At the point of contact with a particular patient, a do...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical effects, safety, and economic cost of propofol and midazolam in the sedation of patients undergoing mechanionl ventilation in the ICU. Eighty-eight critically ill patients were studied and randomly allocated to receive short-term (less than 24 h), medium-term (24 h to 7 days), and prolonged (more than 7 days)continuous sedation ...

the water deficit is the most important limiting non-biological factor to achieve the potential yield of crops. to evaluate the effect of silicon application on yield of millet under drought stress in field an experimental was carried out. treatments were included three irrigation regimes after 60 (non-stress), 90 (moderate stress) and 120 (severe stress) mm evaporation from evaporation pan, cl...

Order is the key word of science. Scientists have tried to order and explain all the phenomena of the universe. They found that the planets and stars move along predictable paths, discovered the laws of gravitation and devised formulae to describe inheritance. For them, the universe is like a clock. Their mission is to discover and explain the mechanism of this clock and thus explain the laws t...

This paper presents a method concerning the integration of the benefit/cost analysis and the real genetic algorithm with various elements of reservoir dam design. The version 4.0 of HEC-RAS software and Hydro-Rout models have been used to simulate the region and flood routing in the reservoir of the dam, respectively. A mathematical programming has been prepared in MATLAB software and linked wi...

Benefit package is crucial for implementing universal health coverage (UHC). This editorial analyses how the benefit package of the Thai Universal Coverage Scheme (UC Scheme) evolved from an implicit comprehensive package which covered all conditions and interventions (with a few exceptions), to additional explicit positive lists. In 2002 when the Thai UC Scheme was lau...