In this paper, a two-stage dynamic game model of China’s iron and steel industry is constructed. Carbon tax levy, product subsidy, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and other factors are included in the emission reduction mechanism. The effects of emissions reduction and the economic impact of China’s overall steel industry (and that of its six main regions) are investigated for the first ...

During the last decade, Norway has carried out an ambitious climate policy by implementing a relatively high carbon tax already in 1991. The Norwegian carbon taxes are among the highest in the world. Data for the development in CO2 emissions provide a unique opportunity to evaluate carbon taxes as a policy tool for CO2 abatement. We combine a divisia index decomposition method and applied gener...

The government as a policy maker wishing to promote remanufacturing and proper disposal of hazardous old products which are harmful to environment has taken many actions, ranging from carbon regulation and financial incentives such as trade-in subsidy. However, carbon tax can result in loss of profit for firms to some degree, so the government has to give other subsidy to balance the profits an...

Objective: This paper, using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with highly disaggregated household groups, analyses the distributional impact of a carbon tax in a developing economy. Scope: Indonesia, one of the largest carbon emitters among developing countries, is utilized as a case study in this paper. Conclusions: The result suggests that, in contrast to most industrialised count...

Integrated assessment models (IAMs) combine simple models of the carbon cycle and of the response of the climate system to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration with models of economic growth that incorporate the effects of imposing a carbon tax. They calculate the resulting social utility after estimated damages from climate change and costs of measures adopted – as a resul...

A simulation model of international tourist flows is used to estimate the impact of a carbon tax on aviation fuel. The effect of the tax on travel behaviour is small: A global $1000/tC would change travel behaviour to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from international aviation by 0.8%. This is because the imposed tax is probably small relative to the air fare. A $1000/tC tax would less than dou...

1 Background Uniform carbon tax and cap-and-trade system are the first choices according to the Kyoto protocol when the policy makers consider the carbon control policies. As is well known, these two options theoretically give identical carbon emission distribution. However, in reality, carbon tax has hardly been accepted by industries while emission certificate as a part of cap-and-trade syste...

In order to reduce the cost pressure on cold-chain logistics brought by the carbon tax policy, this paper investigates optimization of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with time windows for cold-chain logistics based on carbon tax in China. Then, a green and low-carbon cold chain logistics distribution route optimization model with minimum cost is constructed. Taking the lowest cost as the objecti...

An end-use energy model is presented for assessing policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This model evaluates effects of imposing a carbon tax on various carbon-emitting technologies for reducing CO2 emissions. It also estimates effects of combining a carbon tax with subsidies. The problem can be formulated as two-level mathematical programming. An algorithm is proposed and applied...