Consensus forecasts are ine¢ cient, because the weight placed on aggregate new private information relative to the prior re‡ects the optimal choices of the underlying individual forecasters— whose private signals are noisier individually than in aggregate— and as a result the consensus forecast over-weights the prior (Lim, Kim and Shaw, 2001). This paper assesses the empirical relevance of this...

Intrusion detection along perimeters or borders is a surveillance problem of practical value that is well suited to wireless sensor networks. The goal of the work described here is to rapidly detect, track, and classify intruders along an arbitrary or ad hoc border. We examine the requirements of border surveillance in the context of a military scenario called “Line in the Sand” or “LITS.” We e...

The Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptor cell has long served as a model system for researchers focusing on how animal sensory neurons receive information from their surroundings and translate this information into chemical and electrical messages. Electroretinograph (ERG) analysis of Drosophila mutants has helped to elucidate some of the genes involved in the visual transduction pathway downs...

We introduce an ordinal model of e ciency measurement. Our primitive is a notion of e ciency that is comparative, but not cardinal or absolute. In this framework, we postulate axioms that we believe an ordinal e ciency measure should satisfy. Primary among these are choice consistency and planning consistency, which guide the measurement of e ciency in a firm with access to multiple technologie...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia has been identified as a strong risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, and deep vein thrombosis. A point mutation of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) has been associated with increased plasma homocyst(e)ine levels. To investigate whether hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia and/or MTHFR C677T mutation are associated with non-arteritic ischaem...

Homocyst(e)ine is an amino acid made by the body during normal metabolism. An elevated blood level of homocyst(e)ine has been associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease (blockages of the arteries in the heart, brain and/or lower limbs) and venous thrombosis. Although the pathogenic mechanisms at work have not been defined, experimental evidence suggests that homocyst(e)ine damages the inn...

BACKGROUND Academic incivility is a serious challenge for nursing education, which needs to be empirically measured and fully addressed. METHOD A convenience sample of nursing faculty and students from 20 schools of nursing in the United States participated in a mixed-methods study to test the psychometric properties of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised (INE-R) Survey. RESULTS A f...