introduction: objective: this study aimed to assess the possible variations in root canal anatomy and topography of the apices of first and second maxillary molars. materials and methods: a total of 67 first and second maxillary permanent molars were collected. access cavity was prepared and 2% methylene blue was injected. the teeth were demineralized by 5% nitric acid and cleared with methyl s...

Foramen ovale and spinosum are important foramina of the greater wing of the sphenoid. Normal variations in their shapes and sizes are quite common and widely studied. In the present study, conducted in the Department of Anatomy of School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 25 dried human skulls were examined for anatomic variations of the foramina of the greater wing of the sphenoi...

INTRODUCTION Anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses are very common. The paranasal sinus anatomy should be carefully examined prior to performing endoscopic sinus surgery in terms of both existent pathologies and anatomic variations. The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and its variations have gained importance, along with advances in coronal paranasal sinus computed tomography and extens...

Over the last ten years, transradial cardiac catheterization has been increasingly applied, primarily because of its lower incidence of complications compared to the femoral approach. However, one of the greatest flaws of the transradial approach is a relatively high incidence of catheterization failure (1%-5%). Anatomic variations of radial artery are ranked second among the reasons for this. ...

Introduction: Regarding the anatomic variety in the anterior mandible it is necessary to obtain adequate information about the vital structures in this area to protect them in dental surgeries and preventing injuries that might occur afterwards. The aim of this study is to describe anatomic characteristics of mental foramen and anterior loop on CBCT images.  Materials and Methods: On CBCT imag...

The right hepatic artery usually branches from the common hepatic artery, however, there are cases showing anatomic variations. We present 41-year-old female patient with gallbladder cancer. In this case, the accessory right hepatic artery branched from the gastroduodenal artery, passed in front of the common bile duct and fed into the anterior segment of the liver. Cholecystectomy and resectio...

In order to evaluate the microvascular anatomy and the interconnections, 101 fixed brains from human cadavers with a mean age of 41.3 years were subjected to objective scrutiny. Symmetry was visualized with an unaided eye and measurements made under microscopic magnification technique using a micrometer. Classic symmetry was observed in only 19 of the specimens, whereas the rest of the 82...