Overview GI obstructions are a common cause of vomiting in patients seen in clinical practice. Causes of anatomic obstruction include foreign bodies (linear or nonlinear), pyloroantral hypertrophic disease, polyps, intussusception, intramural masses (neoplasia, granulomatous enteritis, phycomycosis, satrictures, hematoma), and extramural compression (adhesions, strangulation, volvulus). Functio...

The placenta is a key organ for pregnancy evolution and fetal growth. Placental anatomic abnormalities may affect the placental functions, interfering in turn with maternal and or fetal wellbeing. This chapter describes the placental development, the macroscopic aspect and the histological characteristics through the gestation. The aim of this chapter is to provide updated information to help c...

osteoma is a benign bone-forming tumor that usually arises in the craniofacial bones and rarely in the long bones. clavicular involvement is extremely rare. we report a 51-year-old woman with osteoma of the left clavicle. radiograph of the left shoulder showed a well-defined lobulated blastic mass in the proximal and mid-portion of the left clavicle. bone scintigraphy was performed 4 hours afte...

to report the oral findings, including dental anomalies, ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molars and periodontal disease and soft tissue alterations, in a subject with apert syndrome. clinical and radiographic examination of a patient with apert syndrome, aged 21 years old, not previously submitted for orthodontic or orthognathic treatment. dental anomalies were present in a pa...

orofacial clefts, including cleft lip with or without cleft palate (cl (p)), are common congenital malformations, second only to clubfoot in frequency of occurrence. the epidemiology and genetics of this disorder have been studied extensively in various countries by several investigators. the objective of this study is to assess the epidemiology and some genetic aspects of orofacial clefting at...

We reviewed the medical records of 233 patients having electrodiagnostic evidence of polyradiculopathy. Patients with polyneuropathy or incomplete diagnostic evaluation were excluded. A clinical diagnosis was secured in 92 of the 118 remaining patients. Patients were separated into three groups based upon the anatomic location of root involvement: extradural (55), intradural-extraaxial (23), an...

At ultra-high magnetic fields, such as 7T, MR imaging can noninvasively visualize the brain in unprecedented detail and through enhanced contrast mechanisms. The increased SNR and enhanced contrast available at 7T enable higher resolution anatomic and vascular imaging. Greater spectral separation improves detection and characterization of metabolites in spectroscopic imaging. Enhanced blood oxy...

Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide a noninvasive method to evaluate neural activation and cognitive processes in schizophrenia. The pathophysiological significance of these findings would be greatly enhanced if scalp-recorded ERP abnormalities could be related to specific neural circuits and/or regions of the brain. Using quantitative approaches in which scalp-recorded ERP components are c...

Most forms of chronic renal disease result in extensive structural alterations of the renal parenchyma. Both glomeruli and tubules may exhibit a spectrum of anatomic abnormalities which give the constituent nephrons an appearance of extraordinary heterogenity. The degree to which these diversified structural changes alter the function of the surviving nephrons is of central importance to the cl...

IT IS well known that the left atrium and pulmonary artery are characteristically enlarged in mitral stenosis.1 2 However, the quantitative relationship of these anatomic abnormalities to the concomitant disturbances in cardiovascular hemodynamics has not been defined. The few anatomic-physiologic studies that are available are semiquantitative, since they are based on rough estimates of left a...