Analogy is core to human cognition. It allows us solve problems based on prior experience, it governs the way we conceptualize new information, and even influences our visual perception. The importance of analogy humans has made an active area research in broader field artificial intelligence, resulting data-efficient models that learn reason human-like ways. While cognitive perspectives deep l...

In everyday disputes, and especially political disputes, people often use analogical arguments to support their views. For example, many of the arguments about the War in Iraq were regularly bolstered by analogical comparisons to WWII and Vietnam. Though logic and philosophy has always viewed analogical argumentation as suspect, analogical thinking has recently been studied and modelled extensi...

Analogical reasoning plays an important role in the context of higher cognitive abilities of humans. Analogies can be used not only to explain reasoning abilities of humans, but also to explain learning from sparse data, creative problem solving, abstractions of concrete situations, and recognition of formerly unseen situations, just to mention some examples. Research in AI and cognitive scienc...

Recently, a propositional logic modeling of analogical proportions, i.e., statements of the form “A is to B as C is to D”, has been proposed, and has then led to introduce new related proportions in a general setting. This framework is well-suited for analogical reasoning and classification tasks about situations described by means of Boolean properties. There is a clear need for extending this...

Three forms of inductive generalization statistical generalization, variation-based generalization and theory-carried generalization are insufficient concerning case-to-case generalization, which is a form of analogical generalization. The quality of case-to-case generalization needs to be reinforced by setting up explicit analogical argumentation. To evaluate analogical argumentation six crite...

Reasoning by analogy is an important component of common sense reasoning whose formalization has undergone recent improvements with the logical and algebraic study of the analogical proportion. The starting point of this study considers analogical proportions on a formal context. We introduce analogical complexes, a companion of formal concepts formed by using analogy between four subsets of ob...

In political argumentation, analogies are often used to convince an audience of one’s views. For example, in political debates leading up to the Iraq War, one such analogical argument was that Saddam Hussein was like Hitler and therefore Saddam should be forcibly ousted. But are all analogical arguments really convincing? In this paper we investigate whether analogical arguments are actually mo...

Recently, several planners have been designed that can create conditionally branching plans to solve problems which involve uncertainty. These planners represent an important step in broadening the applicability of AI planning techniques, but they typically must search a larger space than non-branching planners, since they must produce valid plans for each branch considered. In the worst case t...