Existing methods for collecting texts from endangered languages are not creating the quantity of data that is needed for corpus studies and natural language processing tasks. This is because the process of transcribing and translating from audio recordings is too onerous. A more effective method, we argue, is to involve local speakers in the field location, using an audio-only translation inter...

This essay addresses Virginia Woolf’s exploration of the concept of the self through reference to a range of her prose writings. In these writings, Woolf questions whether the self is unitary, constant and finally knowable, or fragmented, unstable and inscrutable; whether the self is merged with other people, and constructed from interactions with the world; and whether or not a durable and fix...

since its advent in 1867,the arabic novel has been under the influence of two factors. one factor is longing for the past, the other one is infatuation with the west and submission to its hegemony. in early 20th century, some novels were written in response to public taste and arab culture. this novel is considered by critics of fiction to be a turning point in the path of arabic fiction. at th...

S chool is about learning the values, norms, rituals, symbols, and designated knowledge of the dominant groups in power in any particular society. There are always many histories that exist in any given nation, and all of them are not always recognized or taught in the schools. So school learning is both written and unwritten. For example, schools teach an approved form of history, but they als...