Many analog-mixed-signal (AMS) circuits and control systems are naturally modeled as hybrid systems: state machines with a continuous dynamics given by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) at each state, and transitions whose guard conditions depend on the values of the continuous variables. The continuous dynamics for these models are often weakly non-linear. In particular, the intended beha...

PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a difference in hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt (HUT) subjects who do, and do not, experience acute mountain sickness (AMS) during exposure hypobaric hypoxia. We also aimed if those variables altered HUT correlated with AMS severity. METHODS: Fifteen participants completed three testing sessions: 1) VO2max test workload at 50% for hypoxia exposure; 2...

Two classes of linear involutory semigroups We construct two classes of involutory semigroups, which together with two already known generating rules yield n linear involutory semigroups of order n, where 2n = 2 n+2 ? 1 2 (n + 1)(n + 6) ; 2n+1 = 3 2 n+1 ? 1 2 (n 2 + 9n + 10) (1) for n 1. By the way, we extend the rule for the construction of linear archimedian involutory semigroups in L. Berg a...

Size and composition measurements of background aerosol and new particle growth in a Finnish forest during QUEST 2 using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer J. D. Allan, M. R. Alfarra, K. N. Bower, H. Coe, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, P. P. Aalto, M. Kulmala, T. Hyötyläinen, F. Cavalli, and A. Laaksonen School of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Science, University of Manchester, UK Distribu...

Academic motivation is important to students' mental health and performance. One established measure the Motivation Scale (AMS), comprising 28 items. AMS assesses intrinsic motivation, extrinsic amotivation, which are further categorised into seven subscales. weakness of its length. In this study, we constructed validated a short version 14-item (SAMS). Data from two university student samples ...

The sperm cell is designed to transmit the male DNA to the oocyte. The integrity of this DNA is an obvious requisite for normal embryo development and a successful pregnancy. Nevertheless, DNA quality, mainly the presence of DNA fragmentation, is not habitually assessed as part of sperm analysis due to the technical complexity of such an assessment and misunderstanding about its significance. C...

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical components of the innate defense mechanism in lung. Nestled tightly within alveoli, AMs, derived from yolk-sac or bone marrow, can phagocytose foreign particles, defend host against pathogens, recycle surfactant, and promptly respond to inhaled noxious stimuli. The behavior AMs is dependent on environmental cues whereby infection, chronic inflammation, as...

The purpose of this study was to compare two scoring systems used for the diagnosis of acute mountain sickness (AMS): the Lake Louise Scoring (AMS-LLS) and the Chinese Scoring Systems (AMS-CSS). In total, 339 healthy young adult volunteers residing at sea level ascended to 3200 m by train and bus over a total journey time of 48 h. All subjects ascended in the same manner and were divided into t...

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) occurs when individuals rapidly ascend to high altitudes, but its exact cause remains unknown. Additionally, AMS is assessed using a subjective questionnaire with variety of criteria used for diagnosis so there no precise, objective method determining if subject has AMS. Hypoxia, or low oxygen, at altitude results in proinflammatory state and associated systemic in...

Successful recall of brand names often determines consumer decisions. Yet, unaided fails increasingly as adult consumers get older, which is a threat to awareness in aging societies. Still, research has not explored if personally relevant episodic memories associate with can support brand-name memory when age. This study, therefore, explores how cognitive affects the links between from semantic...