We show that, at any Fresnel number, a suitable one-dimensional Fourier transform relates the complex-amplitude distribution along the optical axis with the zero-order circular harmonic of the amplitude transmittance of a two-dimensional diffracting screen. First, our general result is applied to recognize that any rationally nonsymmetric screen generates an axial-irradiance distribution that e...

This paper investigates an adaptive M -ary phaseshift keying (M -PSK) modulation scheme over Rayleigh flat fading channels. The data rate is adapted according to the channel state. At the receiver, the fading is estimated using pilot symbols. To cancel the channel impact, we correct the received signal by dividing it by the estimated value of the fading. So, we propose to adjust the modulation ...

In this paper, a generalized strength-based signal detection model for Concentration-Encoded Molecular Communication (CEMC) has been presented. The generalized strength-based signal detection problem in diffusion-based CEMC system has been investigated in the presence of both diffusion noise and intersymbol interference (ISI). Amplitude-shift keying (ASK)modulated CEMC system has been considere...

Usage of the benefits of electrical communication has become an inseparable part of our lives now. Through this paper, I have tried to summarize various technologies that are important in the field of digital communication and have also included the recent advancements in the same field. The paper starts with the basic idea about the communication system followed by basic modulation techniques ...

In this paper for the first time ever a comprehensive analysis of the sampling-based optimum signal detection in diffusion-based binary concentration-encoded molecular communication (CEMC) system has been presented. A generalized amplitude shift keying (ASK) based CEMC system has been considered in diffusion-based noise and inter-symbol interference (ISI) conditions. We present an optimum recei...

With the introduction of digital broadcasting techniques to radio and television, it becomes desirable to have an efficient possibility to reach receivers operating under varying degrees of received signal strength. Cover [2] showed that it is not efficient to do time sharing, that is transmitting a robust but low quality signal time multiplexed with a signal more susceptible to perturbations o...

Electrocardiograms were recorded from 89 clinically healthy Holstein cattle divided into 10 age groups, comprising newborn calves (18 to 72 hours), 15 days, 1, 3, 6 and 9 months and 1, 3, 5, and 7 years of age. The electrocardiograms were recorded on a bipolar base apex lead, using limb lead I. Duration and amplitude of the P, QRS complexes, T waves and the PR, RR, QT and ST intervals were meas...

This paper considers joint transceiver designs for single-user multiple-input, multiple-output systems employing improper constellations such as binary phase shift-keying and M-ary amplitude shift-keying (M-ASK). Proposed are novel joint linear transceivers that minimize the total mean squared error of the symbol estimation at the output of the decoder. The joint linear transceiver designs are ...

| Multilevel coding (MLC) schemes with powerful softly decodable component codes like turbo codes allow very power and bandwidth e cient digital communication [WH95, FHW96, WFH97a]. But the use of the non{ quantized channel output in each stage of the multistage decoding procedure leads to highly complex receivers. In this paper, the employment of hard decision decoding at several coding levels...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to describe the configuration, and investigate the mechanisms, of QRS changes occurring during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). BACKGROUND QRS changes during PTCA have been attributed to both a passive ST segment shift and conduction disturbances (peri-ischemic block). The direct relation between ST segment shift and QRS changes, h...