Implicit bias has recently gained much attention in scholarly attempts to understand and explain different forms of social injustice by identifying causally relevant mental states in individual’ minds. Here we question the explanatory power of implicit bias in a particular type of injustice, testimonial injustice, and more generally in what we call speech injustice. Testimonial injustice occurs...

1954. To be sure, Ball saw the appeal of the Korea, Munich, and dominochain analogies, but in each, he also saw serious weaknesses; more important, he felt he saw deeper similarities to the situation the French had faced, which led him to his gloomy but accurate predictions of what would happen to American troops if they went in. I found this discussion enlightening, but it left me wondering, W...

To the degree that citizens have participated in, or derived benefits from, social institutions that have helped cause serious, life-threatening, or rights-threatening environmental injustice (EIJ), this article argues that they have duties either to stop their participation in these institutions or to compensate for it by helping to reform them. (EIJ occurs whenever children, poor people, mino...

This study investigatesvariability in English yes/no questions as well as the commonalities among yes/no question variants produced by members of two different varieties of English: Canadian English native speakers and Iranian EFL learners.Further, it probes the role of gender in theEnglish yes/no question variants produced by Canadian English native speakers and those produced by Iranian EFL l...

To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the aerial parts of Verbena officinalis used traditionally by local Iranians for the treatment of convulsion. The anticonvulsant activity of the extract was assessed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures in mice. Diazepam was used as reference drug. In addition, for investigating the mechanism of V officinalis in P...

In this article we ethnographically investigate how diasporic Iranians in Aotearoa/New Zealand deployed a variety of foodways emphasizing varied identity constructs different contexts and to ...

Exercise addiction is a morbid-compulsive behavioral pattern characterized by loss of control over exercise and which results in major detrimental consequences the affected individual’s life. Although condition not formally recognized official psychiatric texts, can lead to clinical impairment everyday activities just like other more traditional addictions. This has led development many instrum...

The goal of this paper is to compare freshman engineering students' spatial abilities (Spatial Intelligence) at two universities: Sharif University in Tehran and Debrecen Hungary, focusing on both their final mathematical exam performance gender so as ascertain whether the students differ significantly terms and/or problem solving methods. tests used measure intelligence mental rotation was Pur...