The Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor is one few Byzantine historiographical works in which so much space devoted to Islamic world and first ruling caliphate. Of course, most references Muslims concern mostly military issues – numerous Muslim invasions on lands that were happening almost since beginning Islam. Also important was way treated Islam itself as a religion heresy. Therefore, it h...

Implicit bias has recently gained much attention in scholarly attempts to understand and explain different forms of social injustice by identifying causally relevant mental states in individual’ minds. Here we question the explanatory power of implicit bias in a particular type of injustice, testimonial injustice, and more generally in what we call speech injustice. Testimonial injustice occurs...

1954. To be sure, Ball saw the appeal of the Korea, Munich, and dominochain analogies, but in each, he also saw serious weaknesses; more important, he felt he saw deeper similarities to the situation the French had faced, which led him to his gloomy but accurate predictions of what would happen to American troops if they went in. I found this discussion enlightening, but it left me wondering, W...

To the degree that citizens have participated in, or derived benefits from, social institutions that have helped cause serious, life-threatening, or rights-threatening environmental injustice (EIJ), this article argues that they have duties either to stop their participation in these institutions or to compensate for it by helping to reform them. (EIJ occurs whenever children, poor people, mino...

The study deals with the rights of prisoner in Abbasid state. state guaranteed prisoners their full rights, such as right to alimony and provision healthy food, human dignity, them religious visit, also separate men women patients. On behalf others, I have a fair trial, ensured sanctity his body after death, so was preserved buried according Islamic law.

abstract: the first period of abbasi dynasty is one of the glorious periods of islamic culture and civilization, which is known as the golden era of islamic culture and civilization. because in this era the power and riches of abbasi dynasty increased so high that led the islamic civilization grow in the various fields of science, literature and art especially music. while pretending as firm re...

the proscription of illustration and painting in islam is a topic often discussed by researchers and art-ists. most orientalists have suggested that islam generally opposed art, especially painting and illustra-tion, thus resulting in a number of limitations. a survey of different prophetic sayings on this subject (hadith singular, hadis plural), verses of the qur'an, and artworks in the era of...

Hac yollarının güvenliği meselesi İslâmiyet öncesine kadar giden ve bölge insanını yakından ilgilendiren konulardan biridir. Çöllerde, hayatlarını yağma soygunla sürdüren Araplar, hac kervanlarını bir geçim aracı olarak görür fırsat bulduklarında bu kervanları yağmalardı. Bu yüzden Araplar on iki aydan dördünü haram ay ilan etmek suretiyle problemin üstesinden gelmeye çalışmışlardır. İslâm’ın b...

"Cabusnama" is an important book in the Persian literature. It was written by Prince AlZiari Onsur AlMaali Kikaoos Bin Iskander Bin Kaboos Bin Washmiger Bin Ziar in the fifth Hugri Century. The book contains a number of important pieces of economic, military, intellectual, ect. All these were written in forty four chapters. The book was presented to his son and successor Gilanshah to teach him ...