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The purpose of respiratory support is to maintain adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Consequently, ensuring adequate alveolar ventilation is essential for expelling carbon dioxide produced in the human body. Currently, during invasive or noninvasive ventilatory support, minute ventilation is manipulated to ensure adequate alveolar ventilation. For patients with COPD exacerbations, noninvasiv...

A newly designed gas-sampling device using end-tidal CO(2) to separate dead space gas from alveolar gas was evaluated in 12 mechanically ventilated patients. For that purpose, CO(2)-controlled sampling was compared with mixed expiratory sampling. Alveolar sampling valves were easily controlled via CO(2) concentration. Concentrations of four volatile substances were determined in the expired and...

Amiodarone is used in treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Therapeutic use of amiodarone is limited by its side effects, including pulmonary toxicity. Human Placenta Extract (HPE) contains a variety of bio-active substances. Thus, the present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the protective effects of HPE on the structural lung changes induced by amiodarone using stereological methods. Spragu...

The increase in airway resistance that follows the breathing of fine inert dust was first demonstrated by DuBois and Dautrebande (1), who also showed that an aerosol of carbachol had the same effect. The compliance of the lungs was reduced, which led these authors to conclude that the increased airway resistance was unevenly distributed. Constantine and associates (2) confirmed the increased ai...

The emphysema patient who suffers a bronchospastic crisis represents one of the most trying situations with which we, as physicians interested in chest diseases, are confronted. The allergic approach in most patients with pulmonary emphysema has proved to be so disappointing generally that many physicians are inclined to omit completely a serious evaluation of allergenic possibilities. Certainl...

amiodarone is used in treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. therapeutic use of amiodarone is limited by its side effects, including pulmonary toxicity. human placenta extract (hpe) contains a variety of bio-active substances. thus, the present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the protective effects of hpe on the structural lung changes induced by amiodarone using stereological methods. spragu...

The multiple inert-gas elimination technique (MIGET) is a complex mathematical model and experimental technique for understanding pulmonary gas exchange. Simpler mathematical models have been proposed that have a limited view compared with MIGET but may be applicable for use in clinical practice. This study examined the use of a simple model of gas exchange to describe MIGET retention and excre...

BACKGROUND Sevoflurane degrades during low-flow anaesthesia to compound A, and high carbon dioxide absorbent temperatures cause increased degradation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if larger tidal volumes, without increasing alveolar ventilation, decrease the temperature in the carbon dioxide absorber during low- and minimal-flow sevoflurane anaesthesia. METHODS Prospecti...

INTRODUCTION Animal studies of acute lung injury (ALI) suggest nebulised heparin may limit damage from fibrin deposition in the alveolar space and microcirculation. No human studies have been undertaken to date. We assessed the feasibility, safety and potential anticoagulant effects of administration of nebulised heparin to patients with ALI. METHODS An open label phase 1 trial of four escala...