Osteomalacia is a condition characterised by failure of bone mineralisation. While abnormalities of vitamin D supply, metabolism or action are the most common and well-known causes, chronic phosphate deficiency, due to either insufficient input (intake or absorption) or renal losses are also important causes of rickets or osteomalacia.1 Hypophosphataemia also commonly co-exists with vitamin D d...

 Inhaled phosphine is absorbed rapidly from the lungs and distributed round the body  Inhaled or ingested zinc, aluminium and magnesium phosphides release phosphine into the respiratory tract and stomach; zinc phosphide can be absorbed intact from the gut  Dermal absorption of phosphine or phosphides is not considered a significant route of exposure  The majority of absorbed phosphine is ex...

Despite 10 years of post-marketing safety monitoring of the phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate, concerns about aluminium-like accumulation and toxicity persist. Here, we present a concise overview of the safety profile of lanthanum carbonate and interim results from a 5-year observational database study (SPD405-404; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00567723). The pharmacokinetic paradigms of...

Exo-polysaccharides like dextran produced by Weissella sp. have a wide range of applications in the food, pharmaceutical and other industries. This biopolymer and its derivatives like iron dextran, clinical dextran are rapidly emerging as a new and industrially important products. Dextran a polymer of glucose is produced using sucrose rich media with nitrogen source. It also requires efficient ...

BACKGROUND The majority of patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis are hyperphosphataemic. Lanthanum carbonate has been shown to be a highly effective phosphate binder in pre-clinical studies. A 4-week, open-label, dose-titration trial was conducted to assess the ability of lanthanum carbonate to control phosphate levels in patients with chronic renal failure. METHODS This prelimina...

Phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was performed on phosphate mineral specimens including (a) twelve specimens from the apatite group covering a range of compositional variation and crystallinity; (b) six non-apatite calcium-rich phosphate minerals; (c) 15 aluminium-rich phosphate minerals; (d) ten phosphate minerals rich in either reduced iron or mangan...

Impurities enter the electrolyte mainly from the consumable carbon anode and aluminium oxide. Important impurity elements are iron, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. Metallic impurities such as iron and silicon tend to codeposit at the cathode, while dissolved phosphorus and sulfur species also affect the current efficiency for aluminium production. In modern industrial cells more impurities end ...