Alu repetitive elements are found in approximately 1.4 million copies in the human genome, comprising more than one-tenth of it. Numerous studies describe exonizations of Alu elements, that is, splicing-mediated insertions of parts of Alu sequences into mature mRNAs. To study the connection between the exonization of Alu elements and alternative splicing, we used a database of ESTs and cDNAs al...

Mobile elements such as Alu repeats have substantially altered the architecture of the human genome, and de novo mobile element insertions sometimes cause genetic disorders. Previous estimates for the retrotransposition rate (RR) of Alu elements in humans of one new insertion every approximately 100-125 births were developed prior to the sequencing of the human and chimpanzee genomes. Here, we ...

We have determined the base sequence of several cloned Alu family members from the DNAs of a new world monkey (owl monkey) and a prosimian (galago). The three owl monkey Alu family members reported here belong to a single 300 base pair consensus sequence which closely resembles the human Alu family consensus. The galago Alu family members can best be represented as belonging to either of two re...

Alu repeats in K562 cells are unusually hypomethylated and far more actively transcribed than those in other human cell lines and somatic tissues. Also, the level of Alu RNA in K562 cells is relatively insensitive to cell stresses, namely heat shock, adenovirus infection and treatment with cycloheximide, which increase the abundance of Alu RNA in HeLa and 293 cells. Recent advances in understan...

This paper describes the architecture, design & implementation of 2 bit ternary ALU (T-ALU) slice. The proposed ALU is designed for two-bit operation & can be used for n bit operations by cascading n/2 ALU slices. This ALU is implemented using C-MOS ternary logic gates (T-Gates) for ternary arithmetic & logic circuits. Ternary gates are implemented using enhancement / depletion MOSFET technolog...

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a heart of microprocessor and microcontroller units that are playing main role in digital computers. By optimizing the ALU circuit in microprocessor and microcontroller highly power efficient digital system can be achieved. The use of low power and high performance sub-blocks like adder and multiplier can reduce the total power dissipation of ALU. So in this paper...

Current out-of-order architectures have the critical path in the memory structure. Since the memory access delay mainly consists of wire delays, the feature size reduction will make little contribution on the critical path reduction. Therefore, the performance of the out-of-order architecture will not improve in spite of an expected advance in future technologies. To solve this problem, we pres...

The highly repetitive Alu retroelements are regarded as methylation centres in the genome. Methylation in the gene promoters could be spreading from them. Promoter methylation of MLH1 is frequently detected in cancers, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study is to understand whether the methylation in the Alu elements is associated with promoter methylation in the MLH1 ge...

Indel polymorphisms are becoming increasingly useful markers for population genetic studies. These are stable mutational events that are unlikely to undergo reverse or convergent mutations, making them useful as markers for distinguishing chromosomal lineages identical by descent and for using in population diversity studies. There has been a great deal of interest to use retrotransposones like...

The human-specific Alu elements, belonging to the class of Short INterspersed Elements (SINEs), have been shown to be a powerful tool for population genetic studies. An earlier study in this department showed that it was possible to analyze Alu presence/absence in 3000-year-old skeletal human remains from the Bronze Age Lichtenstein cave in Lower Saxony, Germany. We developed duplex Alu screeni...