Kurzban et al. argue that the experiences of "effort," "boredom," and "fatigue" are indications that the costs of a task outweigh its benefits. Reducing the costs of tasks to "opportunity costs" has the effect of rendering tasks costless and of denying that they can be inherently boring or tedious, something that "vigilance tasks" were intentionally designed to be.

We use the martingale-theoretic approach of game-theoretic probability to incorporate imprecision into the study of randomness. In particular, we define a notion of computable randomness associated with interval, rather than precise, forecasting systems, and study its properties. The richer mathematical structure that thus arises lets us better understand and place existing results for the prec...

Abstract CRISPR-based gene-drive systems, which copy themselves via gene conversion mediated by the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway, have potential to revolutionize vector control. However, mutant alleles generated competing non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) resistant Cas9 cleavage, can interrupt spread of elements. We hypothesized that drives targeting genes essential for viability or r...

The importance of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is commonly accepted. Although scientific reasoning supports the putative connection between and reduction AMR, reliably measuring magnitude effect on inherently challenging, especially low resource settings. We review intrinsic challenges estimating AMR discuss limitations opportunities current methods from host, pathogen,...

With dramatic improvements in optimization software, the solution of large-scale problems that seemed intractable decades ago are now a routine task. This puts even more real-world applications into reach optimizers. At same time, solving often turns out to be one smaller difficulties when putting solutions practice. One major barrier is software can perceived as black box, which may produce hi...