Neural networks in the spinal cord control two basic features of locomotor movements: rhythm generation and pattern generation. Rhythm generation is generally considered to be dependent on glutamatergic excitatory neurons. Pattern generation involves neural circuits controlling left-right alternation, which has been described in great detail, and flexor-extensor alternation, which remains poorl...

This paper investigates a relationship between inkdot and one-pebble for two-dimensional finite automata (2-fa’s). Especially we show that (1) alternating inkdot 2-fa’s are more powerful than nondeterministic one-pebble 2-fa’s, and (2) there is a set accepted by an alternating inkdot 2-fa, but not accepted by any alternating one-pebble 2-fa with only universal states. key words: inkdot, pebble,...

The present study explores learning phonological alternations that contain exceptions. Participants were exposed to a back/round vowel harmony pattern in which a regular suffix followed harmony, varying between /e/ and /o/ depending on the back/round phonetic features of the stem, and an exceptional suffix that was always /o/ regardless of the features of the stem vowel. Participants in Experim...

Numerous models of concurrency have been considered in the framework of automata. Among the more interesting concurrency models are classical nondeterminism and pure concur-rency, the two facets of alternation, and the bounded concurrency model. Bounded concurrency was previously considered to be similar to nondeterminism and pure concurrency in the sense of the succinctness of automata augment...

The retrosplenial cortex is seen as a convergence point for different classes of spatial cue, yet aside from allocentric processing, little is known about other cue types that depend on the integrity of this area. Rats with bilateral retrosplenial cortex lesions were, therefore, trained on a sequence of reinforced spatial alternation tasks designed to isolate different spatial strategies. Using...

Perceptual rivalry, which implies binocular rivalry and ambiguous figure perception, is characterized by perceptual alternation between two stable interpretations of an unchanging stimulus. It is well known that the time intervals of alternation follow a gamma distribution (GD) commonly in various kinds of perceptual rivalry. A critical question is whether the GD reflects some general mechanism...

Binary information is prevalent in the environment. In this study, we examined how people process repetition and alternation in binary sequences. Across four paradigms involving estimation, working memory, change detection, and visual search, we found that the number of alternations is under-estimated compared to repetitions (Experiment 1). Moreover, recall for binary sequences deteriorates as ...