We study shortest paths and spanning trees of complex networks with random edge weights. Edges which do not belong to the spanning tree are inactive in a transport process within the network. The introduction of quenched disorder modifies the spanning tree such that some edges are activated and the network diameter is increased. With analytic random-walk mappings and numerical analysis, we find...

Abstract A series of new physics scenarios predict the existence extra charged gauge boson , which can induce charged-current (CC) non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs). The theoretical constraints on simplified model and further CC NSI parameters \widetilde{\epsilon}^{ qq'Y}_{\alpha\beta} from partial wave unitarity decays are considered. sensitivity process p \rightarrow ...

Bovine antibodies have recently attracted increasing attention, as they have been shown to exhibit prophylactic and therapeutic properties in selected infectious diseases in humans. In the present study, we have isolated bacterial artificial chromosomes and cosmid clones containing the bovine JH, mu, delta, gamma 1, gamma 2, gamma 3, epsilon, and alpha genes, which allowed us to make a contig o...

To study the expression of globin genes in human cells, human epsilon-globin genes were transferred into a K562 cell line, Bos, which synthesizes very low amounts of epsilon-globin mRNA. A plasmid (pSV2neo-epsilon) containing a complete epsilon-globin gene and 2 kilobases (kb) of 5' flanking DNA as well as a neomycin-resistance gene and a simian virus 40 origin of replication was transfected in...

background: members of the eukaryotic hsp90 family function as important molecular chaperones in the assembly, folding and activation of cellular signaling in development. two hsp90 genes, hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta, have been identified in fish and homeothermic vertebrates but not in poikilothermic vertebrates. in the present study, the expression of hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta genes in xenopus...

the aim of this paper is to introduce the notions of ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy p-ideals, ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy q-ideals and ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy a-ideals in bcialgebras and to investigate some of their properties. several characterizationtheorems for these generalized fuzzy ideals are proved and the relationshipamong these generalized fuzzy ideals of bci-algebras i...

small Polygroups are multi-valued systems that satisfy group-likeaxioms. Using the notion of “belonging ($epsilon$)” and “quasi-coincidence (q)” offuzzy points with fuzzy sets, the concept of ($epsilon$, $epsilon$ $vee$ q)-fuzzy subpolygroups isintroduced. The study of ($epsilon$, $epsilon$ $vee$ q)-fuzzy normal subpolygroups of a polygroupare dealt with. Characterization and some of the fundam...

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notions of ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy p-ideals, ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy q-ideals and ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy a-ideals in BCIalgebras and to investigate some of their properties. Several characterizationtheorems for these generalized fuzzy ideals are proved and the relationshipamong these generalized fuzzy ideals of BCI-algebras i...

Retinoids are potent inducers of cell cycle arrest and differentiation of numerous cell types, notably granulocytes. However the mechanisms by which retinoids mediate cell cycle arrest during differentiation remain unclear. We have used myeloid differentiation to characterize the molecular pathways that couple cell cycle withdrawal to terminal differentiation. Using primary cells from mice defi...

By defining functional defects in a congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS), we show that two mutant residues, located in a binding site region of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) epsilon subunit, exert opposite effects on ACh binding and suppress channel gating. Single channel kinetic analysis reveals that the first mutation, epsilon N182Y, increases ACh affinity for receptors in the resting clo...