Australia's expensive housing market is often claimed to be primarily the result of a shortage supply due town planning constraints, leading political pressure on councils and state governments remove regulations, regardless their merit. We argue that this story myth provide evidence against three key elements myth. First, there has been surplus dwellings constructed compared population demand,...

An energy management system (EMS) is proposed in this paper to minimize the amount of load shedding islanded multi-microgrids (MMGs) systems a cost-effective manner. The suggested EMS adopts two-stage hierarchical optimization model. first stage called microgrid (MG) optimization, which each MG minimized. day-ahead schedule diesel generator, charging/discharging power battery storage (BESS), re...

using the mathematic techniques such as fuzzy approach has useful outcomes for production planning in different sources. in this paper lgp1 was used to model the objectives such as: avoidance of shortage or surplus of demand, access to maximum of income, using the normal capacity of production and organizing the inventory of warehouse, within the framework of goal constraints like balancing be...

The literature suggests that investors prefer portfolios based on mean, variance and skewness rather than portfolios based on mean-variance (MV) criteria solely. Furthermore, a small variety of methods have been proposed to determine meanvariance-skewness (MVS) optimal portfolios. Recently, the shortage function has been introduced as a measure of efficiency, allowing to characterize MVS optima...

We study an infinite horizon game in which pairs of players connected by a network are randomly matched to bargain over a unit surplus. We prove that for each discount factor all equilibria are payoff equivalent. The equilibrium payoffs and the set of equilibrium agreement links converge as players become increasingly patient. We construct an algorithm that determines the limit equilibrium payo...

In recent years, the U.S. health care system has been plagued by shortages of generic sterile injectable drugs. The shortage problem arose suddenly within a short period of time, and remained persistent afterwards. To gain insights into what may have led to this situation, we develop a model that incorporates key characteristics of the generic drug manufacturing industry, including random suppl...

A statistical approach to market equilibrium and efficiency analysis is proposed in this paper. One factor that governs the exchange decisions of traders in a market, named willingness price, is highlighted and constitutes the whole theory. The supply and demand functions are formulated as the distributions of corresponding willing exchange over the willingness price. The laws of supply and dem...

BACKGROUND Spain has gone from a surplus to a shortage of medical doctors in very few years. Medium and long-term planning for health professionals has become a high priority for health authorities. METHODS We created a supply and demand/need simulation model for 43 medical specialties using system dynamics. The model includes demographic, education and labour market variables. Several scenar...