We introduce a tra c model for circuit switched alloptical networks (AONs) which we then use to calculate the blocking probability along a path for networks with and without wavelength changers. We investigate the e ects of path length, switch size, and interference length (the expected number of hops shared by two sessions which share at least one hop) on blocking probability and the ability o...

in this paper a novel design of all-optical half-subtractor based on nonlinear directional coupler is proposed. by using four waveguides and appropriately adjusting the refractive indices and selecting the proper length of waveguides, halfsubtractor function can be obtained. the operation of this function is simulated by rsoft cad-layout (beamprop) simulator. the simulation results confirm the ...

OSPF, or Open Shortest Path First, is a commonly used interior gateway protocol. An integer weight is assigned to each arc and the entire network topology and arc weights are known to each router. Each router computes a graph of shortest weight paths from itself to every other router in the network. Traffic is routed on the shortest weight paths. All traffic leaving router s with destination ro...

A Pin-Grid-Array (PGA) package router is presented in this paper. Given a chip cavity with a number of I/O pads around its boundary and an equivalent number of pins distributed on the substrate, the objective of the router is to complete the planar interconnection of pad-to-pin nets on one or more layers. This router consists of three phases: layer assignment, topological routing, and geometric...

A unique method has been developed to scavenge energy from monocrystaline solar cells to power wireless router nodes used in indoor applications. The system’s energy harvesting module consists of solar cells connected in series-parallel combination to scavenge energy from 34W fluorescent lights. A set of ultracapacitors were used as the energy storage device. Two router nodes were used as a rou...

The function of a router is to switch arriving packets to their correct output destination. A router is built to achieve a specified capacity (the sum of the rates of its interfaces), and users expect a router to consistently achieve this capacity. However, no commercial high-speed router can guarantee today that it will achieve its full capacity for all arrival traffic patterns. This is due to...