Balancing selection is common on many defense genes, but it has rarely been reported for immune effector proteins such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We describe genetic diversity at a brevinin-1 AMP locus in three species of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens, Rana blairi, and Rana palustris). Several highly divergent allelic lineages are segregating at this locus. That this unusual pattern result...

The evolutionary trajectory of populations through time is influenced by the interplay of forces (biological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic) acting on the standing genetic variation. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial loci to examine the influence of population declines, of varying severity, on genetic diversity within two Hawaiian endemic waterbirds, the Hawaiian coot and Hawaiian gall...

The polymorphic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms C677T and A1298C cause mild hyperhomocysteinemia, not only in homozygotes for C677T, but also in compound heterozygotes for C677T/A1298C. The aim of this study was to determine allelic frequencies of the polymorphic MTHFR gene C677T, A1298C. In this regard, we have investigated the allelic frequencies of C677T and A1...

Allozyme variability at 19 loci affecting 12 enzymes were analyzed electrophoretically in 24 Japanese, 3 Korean, and 16 Chinese populations of common buckwheat. Most of the populations were polymorphic at 8 loci, Adh, Dia-2, Got-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-3, 6-Pgdh-1, Pgm-2, and Sdh-1. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 31.6-42.1% and the average heterozygosity was in the range of 0.110-0.138. The level...

The identification of allelic variants of human genes is of great importance when assessing genetic susceptibility. The emerging role of genetic polymorphisms in association studies has created the need for high throughput genotyping methodologies that allow a more rapid identification of relevant polymorphisms related to individual cancer risk enabling the extension to large-scale association ...

background: the osteopontin (opn) is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein in numbers of bovine tissues and milk. opn has been reported to be associated with milk production in cattle.objective: the genotype and allelic frequencies for opn and its association with milk production will be evaluated in iranian holstein bulls.  materials and methods: bulls dna (100) was isolated. oligo was used for...