Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) of the genus Nairovirus causes a haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sheep and goats with mortality up to 90%; the virus is found in East and Central Africa, and in India, where the virus is called Ganjam virus. NSDV is closely related to the human pathogen Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, which also causes a haemorrhagic disease. As with other nairoviruses...

E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: 91-22-23693509 Dengue fever (DF) is endemic in India and causes dengue fever, its severe form dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Hypotension due to intravascular depletion due to capillary leak is common in DHF and DSS. However, myocardial dysfunction is also seen with DHF/ DSS and could be responsible for hypotension and ...

Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) and Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) are genetically closely-related, tick-borne flaviviruses that cause severe, often fatal disease in humans. Flaviviruses in the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex typically cause neurological disease in humans whereas patients infected with KFDV and AHFV predominately present with hemorrhagic fever. A small anima...

Newly emerging and re-emerging viral infections are of major public health concern. Bunyaviridae family of viruses comprises a large group of animal viruses. Clinical symptoms exhibited by persons infected by viruses belonging to this family vary from mild-to-severe diseases i.e., febrile illness, encephalitis, haemorrhagic fever and acute respiratory illness. Several arthropods-borne viruses h...

A number of mosquito-borne viruses in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, cause significant illnesses in humans. These diseases include dengue, yellow fever, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis and Murray Valley encephalitis. The viruses cause syndromes that can be generally classified as one of three types: haemorrhagic fever, fever with rash and arthralgia, a...

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a syndrome seen in diseases of varying severity which occur from the Far East across to Western Europe. The most common diseases in the Far East are Korean haemorrhagic fever and epidemic haemorrhagic fever, which are characterised by fever, muscular pains, haemorrhagic manifestations, and proteinuria; the complications of shock and renal failure may le...