Respiratory alkalosis is the most frequent acid-base disturbance encountered in clinical practice. This is particularly true in critically ill patients, for whom the degree of hypocapnia directly correlates with adverse outcomes. Although this acid-base disturbance often is considered benign, evidence suggests that the alkalemia of primary hypocapnia can cause clinically significant decreases i...

Systemic acidosis induced by intravenous administration of hydrochloric acid lowered intraocular pressure in unanesthetized rabbits. Aqueous humor flow was reduced by approximately 50%, as measured by the iodide method and as calculated from tonographic data. Outflow facility, episcleral venous pressure, plasma osmolality, blood pressure, pulse, and body temperature were not altered by systemic...

Thirteen patients with ischemic coronary heart disease purposely hyperventilated for seven minutes in order to induce hypocapnic alkalosis. One patient experienced chest pain, and one exhibited chemical signs of myocardial hypoxia. Heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial O2 consumption did not change significantly. Coronary blood flow decreased and coronary (a-v)O2 difference widened. Since t...

Electrocardiographic findings in alkalosis were first noted in 1922 by Carter and Andrus, who observed that the Q-T interval was prolonged by more than 30 per cent in three of their cases; this was associated with a lowering of the blood calcium. Barker, Arbor, Shrader, and Ronzoni (1939) produced artificial alkalosis by voluntary overventilation or by ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, the Q-T i...

Thirteen patients with ischemic coronary heart disease purposely hyperventilated for seven minutes in order to induce hypocapnic alkalosis. One patient experienced chest pain, and one exhibited chemical signs of myocardial hypoxia. Heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial 02 consumption did not change significantly. Coronary blood flow decreased and coronary (a-v)O2 difference widened. Since t...

This report describes a novel presentation of chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis in a patient with hypercalcemia related to Multiple Myeloma (MM). A 51-year-old male with newly diagnosed MM presented with widespread skeletal involvement, calcium (Ca(+2)) of 18 mg/dL, phosphorous (PO4) of 6 mg/dL, serum bicarbonate (HCO3) of 37 mEq/L, and serum creatinine (Cr) of 2.6 mg/dL Other causes of me...

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus. In some situations, other acid-base disorders coexist with DKA including metabolic alkalosis. There is several underlying etiology for the DKA with metabolic alkalosis such as extracellular volume loss secondary to vomiting or diuretics, alkali ingestion, and corticosteroid excess. We report herein the ...