1. In addition to poly(ribitol phosphate) the walls of a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H contain glycerol phosphate residues that are not removed on digestion with trypsin or extraction with phenol. 2. The glycerol phosphate is present in a chain, containing three or four glycerol phosphate residues, which is covalently attached to the peptidoglycan through a phosphodi...

The first evidence for the existence of uridine diphosphate compounds was limited to the observation that Staphylococcus aureus cells, when grown in the presence of penicillin, accumulated a new form of acid-labile phosphate in their internal environment (1). The labile phosphate appeared to be part of a complex compound which also contained uracil. In a brief note (2), it has since been report...

The formation of single-strand breaks and alkali-labile sites on DNA has been extensively used for genotoxicity testing, given its involvement in degenerative disorders, cancer and oxidative stress. An alkaline variation of the single-cell electrophoresis (comet) assay used for the detection of DNA damage was developed during the eighties, providing data on this phenomenon at the level of indiv...

We have reported in the preceding paper that the treatment of plateau phase mouse EMT6 tumour cells with a combination of hyperthermia (HT; 44°C) and trifluoperazine (TFP; 30,ugml-1; an inhibitor of calmodulin) greatly enhances the cytotoxicity of the antitumour drug belomycin (BLM). The cytotoxic action of BLM is thought to arise from the induction of DNA damage in a manner which reflects chro...

Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment on cellulose crystallinity and cell wall phenolic monomer and monosaccharide composition were measured using cotton and wheat straw (WS). Two WS treatments were used in this study, Type I WS, for which pH is not regulated during AHP treatment, and Type II WS, for which pH is regulated at 11.5 -+ .2 during AHP treatment. Wheat straw had a low...

Terahertz electromagnetic fields are non-ionizing electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 THz. Potential applications of these electromagnetic fields include the whole body scanners, which currently apply millimeter waves just below the terahertz range, but future scanners will use higher frequencies in the terahertz range. These and other applications will bring along huma...

A new ganglioside, containing an alkali-labile linkage, was extracted from mouse brain and purified. It represents 3.6% of total lipid-bound sialic acid in the tissue and was obtained in pure form with a yield of about 35%. It contains sphingosine, glucose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid in the molar ratio 1:1:2:1:4 and, upon exhaustive sialidase treatment gives the monosialog...

Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment on cellulose crystallinity and cell wall phenolic monomer and monosaccharide composition were measured using cotton and wheat straw (WS). Two WS treatments were used in this study, Type I WS, for which pH is not regulated during AHP treatment, and Type II WS, for which pH is regulated at 11.5 -+ .2 during AHP treatment. Wheat straw had a low...

The effect of pretreatment with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on chromate-induced DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and enzyme inhibition as well as on the cellular reduction of chromium(VI) was investigated using Chinese hamster V-79 cells. Cellular pretreatment with nontoxic levels of 1 mM ascorbic acid for 24 h prior to exposure resulted in a significant increase (1.7-fold) in cellular levels of this vi...